Children Affected by HIV and AIDS

The HIV/AIDS pandemic is having a devastating impact on the well-being of children, particularly in those countries with the highest HIV prevalence rates in sub-Saharan Africa, the Caribbean, and parts of Asia. The virus affects children in multiple ways; they may lose one or both parents and other family members, or become infected with the disease.

Aside from the physical and psychosocial stress associated with the onset of the disease itself and the experience of loss of loved ones, children affected by HIV/AIDS may additionally be subjected to the burden of caring for others, stigma, discrimination, exploitation, abuse, financial hardships, and are less likely to attend school. The social and economic effects of the disease means that areas with high AIDS-related mortality are less able to provide traditional family and community care, protection and basic services for its children.

Children with HIV-positive parents are at a greater risk of being orphaned, abandoned, removed by social services, placed into foster or institutional care, becoming homeless, or left to head households on their own. Orphaned children infected with the virus often have more difficulty obtaining care. Families and communities have rallied to provide kinship care to the large majority of the children who have lost their parents, however families and communities are struggling to cope, physically and financially, with the numbers of children involved. Despite international recognition of the damaging effects of institutional care and its high costs, institutional care has proliferated, often supported by external groups wanting to help. Far too little has been done in such countries to systematically strengthen and support HIV/AIDS-affected families and families caring for orphans, or to develop family-and community-based care for children without adequate family care.

Children should be cared for by their immediate and extended families wherever possible, with support services put in place to avoid abandonment. Regulated kinship, foster care, and local adoption should be developed for children without close relatives. Young people and communities should be provided with information on HIV/AIDS to avoid infection. Adequate medical treatment is needed to enable infected parents to live longer and to prevent HIV transmission from mother to child.

The literature in this section includes background information on countries and projects tackling the crises, including statistics, policy papers, implementation projects, and care options for children orphaned or infected by HIV/AIDS.

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MGLSD and Districts Capacity Assessment Scores and the Methodology Used to Determine the Scores

Uganda Ministry of Gender, Labour and Social Development, 2006

The methodology and tools used to score a capacity assessment to determine Uganda's MGLSD and district management capacity needs to provide leadership and coordination of the national response to OVC and AB/Y.

Lesotho: Guidelines & Standards: Residential Care For Vulnerable Children & Youth

UNICEF, 2006

A situational analysis of policy and care surrounding children affected by HIV/AIDS in Lesotho. Includes a comprehensive, practice-oriented discussion of alternatives to residential care, placement procedures and standards of residential care.

Africa's Orphaned and Vulnerable Generations: Children Affected by AIDS

UNICEF, UNAIDS and PEPFAR, 2006

This report contains new and improved research and statistical infortmation on orphans and vulnerable children, including what governments, NGO's, the private sector and the international community can do to better respond.

Legal and Policy Frameworks to Protect the Rights Of Vulnerable Children in Southern Africa

Save the Children UK South Africa Programme, 2006

Reviews legal and policy frameworks for the protection of OVC rights in 10 Southern African countries. Includes key concerns and recommendations. Appendix includes country-specific details of National Policies on Orphans and Vulnerable Children and National Plans of Action.

Young Children and HIV: Strengthening Family and Community Support

International HIV/AIDS Alliance, 2006

Practical guidance on dealing with young children in the context of HIV/AIDS. Focuses on the developmental needs of children affected by HIV/AIDS. Also focuses on care and treatment provision for children who are HIV-positive.

Community Care Coalitions (CCCs): An Effective, Local, and Community-Wide Response to HIV and AIDS in Gwembe District, Zambia

Esther Nkumbwa, 2006

Short document outlining the constitution, role, and work of community care coalitions in Gwembe District, Zambia. Includes lessons learned and recommendations.

Caring for Children Affected by HIV

UNICEF, 2006

Guidance on supporting children, families, and communities affected by HIV and AIDS. Covers topics such as ensuring adequate family support for children affected by HIV and AIDS, supporting child headed households, small group homes and collective foster care.

Imagining migration: Placing children’s understanding of moving house in Malawi and Lesotho

Lorraine van Blerk, Nicola Ansell - Geoforum, 2006

Through an examination of over 800 thematic drawings and stories, regarding ‘moving house’, produced by children aged 10–17 years in urban and rural communities of Lesotho and Malawi, this paper explores southern African children’s representations of migration.

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Baseline Capacity Assessment for OVC Grantee CSOs

Uganda Ministry of Gender, Labour and Social Development, 2006

Findings and methodology of a capacity assessment of OVC Grantee CSOs in Uganda.

Strengthening National Responses to Children Affected by HIV/AIDS: What is the Role of the State and Social Welfare in Africa?

Julia Purcell, 2006

Overview of social protection and welfare directions around the world, with recommendations for policies to protect vulnerable children and those affected by HIV/AIDS in Africa.