Abstract
This analysis compares historic and current trends in Ukrainian orphanages with changes that led to the general demise of the American institutionalized child welfare system. Although significant cultural and historical backgrounds are taken into account, there are parallels drawn between similar conditions which led to the demise of orphanages in the USA and the current deinstitutionalization movements in the Ukraine. A critical comparison of the current dilemmas that face each nation in providing adequate child welfare is given. Specifically, the effects of overcrowding, new policy adjustments, critical attitudes against institutionalized childcare, the professionalization of social work, and re-channeling of financial resources are addressed.