In September 2009, over 400 delegates from 45 countries worldwide attended the First Itnernational Conference in Africa on Family Based Care for Children in Nairobi, Kenya. A cross section of African and international practicioners, policy makers, academics and donors convened to collectively respond to the growing number of chidlren in Africa in need of family based care due to poverty, HIV/AIDS, conflicts and family disintegration. The conference declarations and recommendations reflect a collective and renewed commitment to promoting deinstitutionalization and family based care throughout Africa.