Abstract
Institutional care of children is a serious form of physical and psychological neglect that causes impact on many dimensions of child development. Among them, in central nervous system structures and behavioral development. The results suggest that the removal of a child from an institution and its transfer to an improved care environment can lead to a reduced risk of psychopathology, as well as promoting a better social, emotional and cognitive development. It is essential, therefore, the pursuit of a special attention to the implementation of high quality care to minimize possible child and adolescents development deficits.
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