The State of Uganda Population Report 2019 shows the potential of social protection systems to promote inclusive development that leaves no one behind—to reduce poverty, inequality and promote social inclusion. The report highlights that some groups of the population are unduly deprived of social protection and examines the barriers that these groups face. The report also illustrates how social protection programmes can be designed and implemented so as to be inclusive of disadvantaged groups. Understanding gaps in coverage and barriers to access is crucial to making social protection effective for all people.