Child Exploitation

Child trafficking is a form of child abuse. It is the exploitation of children for economic or sexual purposes, and includes the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harbouring, or receipt of a child for exploitation. Children may be sold, illegally adopted, forced into early marriage, recruited into the armed forces, pushed into prostitution, or trafficked to work in mines, factories, or homes. In such environments they are exposed to extreme forms of abuse and are denied access to basic services and the meeting of their fundamental human rights. Trafficked children often lack basic legal status and support networks, making their condition virtually "invisible."

Children without parental care, living in poverty, and those in high risk environments such as war affected regions, are all highly vulnerable to trafficking. Conflict and post conflict environments pose the greatest risk to children since the breakdown in family and social systems, the increase in poverty, and large numbers of troops present, are all factors which make sexual and economic exploitation of children more common.

Prevention is crucial to reduce the incidence of children affected and includes the registering of all displaced children, and their temporary care until verification and family reunification activities can take place. All children, caretakers, and communities should be educated on the risks to children and protective steps to ensure children do not become separated and exposed to abuse and exploitation. Where possible, unaccompanied children should be placed in regulated and protective family environments such as kinship or foster care.

Governments, the police, border controls, teachers, and all organizations responsible for protection must work together to prevent trafficking, identify those children at risk, advocate for their safety, and prosecute those responsible. This includes awareness raising for communities, institutions, and personnel working with vulnerable groups, such as armed forces, peacekeepers, and humanitarian workers.

Support services for children who have been trafficked should include medical, psychosocial, family reunification, and legal elements, to facilitate the reintegration of the child into the community and to enable educational and economic opportunities which are in the child’s best interests.

This section of documents examines the nature of trafficking in more detail, and includes policy and practical information to prevent and respond to child exploitation.

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About Orphanage Trafficking: Description and Indicators

Better Care Network, Griffith University - Law Futures Centre, 21 Aug 2023

This document provides clear definitions of what orphanage trafficking is and how to detect this kind of exploitation.

Description of Indicators of Orphanage Trafficking: Cambodia

Better Care Network, Griffith University - Law Futures Centre, 21 Aug 2023

This is a list of indicators of acts: Unlawful Removal, Recruitment, and Transfer of a Child into a Residential Care Institution

10 Years of Counter Trafficking in Persons Act in Kenya 2010-2020: Achievements, Challenges and Opportunities

Awareness Against Human Trafficking (HAART), Leeds Becket University, 01 Jul 2023

This publication evaluates the progress of implementing the 2010 Counter Trafficking in Persons Act in Kenya from its inception until now (2010-2020).

Asia Pacific Legal Guide: Child Trafficking

World Vision, 26 Jun 2023

This Child Trafficking Legal Guide produced by Baker McKenzie, World Vision, State Street and 3M aims to empower and educate users on how to best navigate regulatory hurdles that may arise when assisting children affected by human trafficking.

Anti-Child Marriage Legal Guide: End Violence Against Children Program (Asia Pacific)

World Vision, 26 Jun 2023

This Anti-Child Marriage Guide produced by World Vision aims to empower and educate users as how to best navigate regulatory hurdles that may arise when assisting children affected by child marriage. This fourth legal guide addresses frequently asked questions relating to protecting victims of child marriage in Australia, Mainland China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand, and Vietnam.

Protecting Against Predators: A Scoping Study on the Sexual Exploitation of Children and Young People in Ireland

Mary Canning, Marie Keenan, Ruth Breslin, 15 Jun 2023

This scoping study explores forms of sexual exploitation of children and young people in Ireland, including those whose life experiences make them more vulnerable including being in care, going ‘missing’ or running away from home or a care placement.

Survivor-Informed Support for Trafficked Children in Scotland

Maggie Grant, Maria Fotopoulou, Scot Hunter, Margaret Malloch, Paul Rigby, Kieran Taylor - University of Stirling, 01 Jun 2023

The aim of this study was to fill a gap in knowledge in relation to what constitutes recovery and effective support over a longer time frame for separated children and young people who have experienced trafficking in Scotland. The study illuminates processes that have not been previously explored with this group of children and young people in Scotland.

Historical Abuse Cases in SOS Children's Villages Suriname

Anton van Wijk, Marjan Olfers, Iris Vloemans, 01 Jun 2023

This report comprises of research into cases of historical sexual abuse that took place in the SOS Children’s Village in Suriname. This research covers roughly the period from the early seventies to 2006. The research took place partly in the Netherlands and partly in Suriname.

Working Group on Orphanage Trafficking and Exploitation in Residential Care Settings

Interparliamentary Taskforce on Human Trafficking, 01 Jun 2023

This statement was released by the Working Group on Orphanage Trafficking and Exploitation -- a global coalition of Members of Parliament, government leaders, survivor leaders, and key stakeholders committed to combatting orphanage trafficking and the exploitation through raising awareness and identifying, creating, and implementing tools that curb the demand for orphanage trafficking and stop the exploitation of children in residential care settings, including orphanages. The Working group aims to raise awareness and combat orphanage trafficking at the policy level globally.

Is an End to Child Marriage within Reach? Latest Trends and Future Prospects

UNICEF, 15 May 2023

The practice of child marriage has continued to decline globally. Today, one in five young women aged 20 to 24 years were married as children versus nearly one in four 10 years ago.