The WHO European Framework for Action on Mental Health (EFAMH), covering the period 2021–2025, sets out a response to current mental health challenges arising from the negative impact that the COVID-19 pandemic has had on population mental health and well-being. The EFAMH provides a coherent basis for intensified efforts to mainstream, promote and safeguard mental well-being as an integral element of COVID-19 response and recovery; to counter the stigma and discrimination associated with mental health conditions; and to advocate for and promote investment in accessible quality mental health services. Implementation and monitoring of this Framework for Action will be powered by the Pan-European Mental Health Coalition, a flagship initiative of the European Programme of Work 2020–2025. Draft of this document was tabled as a background document for the discussion on mental health during the 71st session of the Regional Committee for Europe, Virtual session, 13–15 September 2021.