Leaving Alternative Care and Reintegration

It is important to support children who are preparing to leave care. This includes helping young people as they ‘age out’ of the care system and transition to independent living, as well as children planning to return home and reintegrate with their families. In either case, leaving care should be a gradual and supervised process that involves careful preparation and follow-up support to children and families.

The transition from alternative care to independent living can be challenging for young people. While some departures from care may be well planned, others may be sudden or unexpected, leaving young people emotionally and financially ill-equipped to cope with change. Without adequate preparation for leaving care and support during the aftercare phase, young people may face risks such as long-term unemployment, substance abuse, involvement in criminal activities and homelessness. Studies indicate that the biggest barriers to transitioning children out of care includes the absence of supportive relationships, educational challenges, housing instability and economic challenges (unemployment).

Reducing these risks involves working with children to plan for life after care and adulthood– including helping them to determine the most appropriate living environment, develop necessary life, financial management and job skills, and ensure that they have a reliable support system in place. Once children leave care, they should be encouraged to maintain contact with their previous care givers and friends, have access to basic services and quality housing with financial assistance, and be supported to follow educational, vocational and employment opportunities. Above all, evidence indicates that young people who benefit from gradual, extended and supported transitions from care have better outcomes than those who leave early and abruptly.

Girls and boys who leave care to return home can also benefit from a gradual process of reintegration with their families – both before and after the event. Initially this should involve a comprehensive assessment of whether the problems that led to family separation (such as poverty or social problems) have been adequately resolved, and whether a return home is in a child’s best interests. If so, the child, family and alternative caregivers should be supported to prepare and plan for reintegration – which may involve increasing the frequency and duration of children’s family visits before the final return, helping to build parenting skills, assessing families’ financial, practical and emotional support needs and developing a care plan to address them.

Once children are reunited with their families, ongoing support and supervision can play a critical role in ensuring that reintegration is lasting. For example social or community workers can provide counselling support, facilitate families’ access to social protection benefits and make sure that children have the academic support required to catch up at a new school. In some cases, children’s extended family and the broader community can also be encouraged to provide emotional or practical support.

This section contains literature on children leaving alternative care in non-emergency settings. This includes lessons learned and best practices regarding family reintegration, as well as guidance for supporting young people as they leave the care system and transition to independent living.

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Evaluation of the Tubarerere Mu Muryango (Let's Raise Children in Families) Programme in Rwanda, Phase 1: Summary

National Commission for Children, UNICEF, USAID, 01 Aug 2019

In collaboration with UNICEF, the government of Rwanda has established the Tubarerere Mu Muryango (TMM - Let’s Raise Children in Families) programme to ensure that all children living in institutional care in Rwanda are reunited with their families or placed in suitable forms of family-based alternative care. This report presents a summary of the findings of an evaluation of Phase 1 of this programme.

Case Managers’ perspectives on how to achieve timely reunification

Jacqui Nicklin - The University of Western Australia, 01 Aug 2019

This qualitative research asked case managers in the Western Australia's child protection system what contributed to timely reunification of children with their families, a recent policy goal.

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Caseworker’s Guidebook: Case Management for Reintegration of Children into Family or Community Based Care

Department of Children's Services - Republic of Kenya, 01 Aug 2019

This guide provides an overview of the principles and practices of case management for reunification and placement of children outside of parental care (e.g., children from Charitable Children’s Institutions (CCIs) and Statutory Children’s Institutions (SCIs) , and street-connected children) into family- and community-based care in Kenya.

Family Strengthening: A collection of promising practices

International Child Development Initiatives & Save the Children International, 01 Aug 2019

The purpose of the review, developed by International Child Development Initiatives, was to present an overview of (as much as possible) evidence-based promising practices in Family Strengthening interventions in Cambodia, implemented by FCF|REACT partners.

Let’s Raise Children in Families Programme Case Study: Thierry

National Commission for Children, UNICEF, USAID, 01 Aug 2019

This case study profiles the reintegration experiences of one child who has participated in the Tubarerere Mu Muryango (Let’s Raise Children in Families - TMM) programme in Rwanda.

Let’s Raise Children in Families Programme Case Study: The essential roles of the Rwandan social service workforce in supporting the reintegration of children into family and community life

National Commission for Children, UNICEF, USAID, 01 Aug 2019

This case study profiles the reintegration experiences of one child who has participated in the Tubarerere Mu Muryango (Let’s Raise Children in Families - TMM) programme in Rwanda.

Care Reform in Rwanda: Process and Lessons Learned 2012-2018

National Commission for Children, UNICEF, USAID, 01 Aug 2019

This paper documents the care reform process and presents key lessons learnt. It is based on a review of Rwandan policy and programme documents and on interviews and focus group discussions with 65 stakeholders.

Facilitator’s Guide: Case Management for Reintegration of Children into Family and Community Based Care

Department of Children's Services - Republic of Kenya, 01 Aug 2019

This Facilitator’s Guide is for use by the varied facilitators of the 'Promoting Family- or Community-Based Care Using a Case Management Approach Workshop,' including national and county trainer of trainers from Kenya's Department of Children's Services, and trained staff from other care reform partners.

Let’s Raise Children in Families Programme Case Study: Divine

National Commission for Children, UNICEF, USAID, 01 Aug 2019

This case study profiles the reintegration experiences of one child who has participated in the Tubarerere Mu Muryango (Let’s Raise Children in Families - TMM) programme in Rwanda.

Programme Brief: Let’s Raise Children in Families

National Commission for Children, UNICEF, USAID, 01 Aug 2019

This programme brief is part of a package of materials documenting successes and lessons learnt from implementation of the Tubarerere Mu Muryango (TMM) child care reform programme between 2012 and 2018.