Child Care and Protection Policies

Child care and protection policies regulate the care of children, including the type of support and assistance to be offered, good practice guidelines for the implementation of services, standards for care, and adequate provisions for implementation. They relate to the care a child receives at and away from home.

States and all organisations with child care programmes should have child care policies which are in line with national legislation and international law, e.g. the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC). In line with the CRC, emphasis should be placed on the child’s best interests, with support to families prioritised in order to prevent family separation. Good gatekeeping mechanisms are essential in ensuring families receive the services they need and are entitled to, and to guard against inappropriate placement into poor care arrangements.

Home-based care, day care, and other family support services are mechanisms for assisting families in providing for the child’s development and, when used appropriately, can prevent child separation. When a child is unable to remain at home, alternative forms of community based care should be prioritised, such as formal kinship care or foster care. The use of institutions should be highlighted as a last and temporary measure. All support and care provisions should outline the referral and admission process, the use of care plans, regular reviews, rehabilitation, and aftercare procedures.

Child protection legislation which recognises that abuse can be physical, emotional, sexual, or neglect, and may be carried out by parents, caretakers, children and other adults is required. All agencies working with children should have written child protection policies which respect the rights of the child. Policies should outline behaviours and actions which are unacceptable, provide standards for the appropriate care of children, and clear guidelines on what procedures to follow and by whom, including reporting mechanisms for suspected abuse to an assigned authority for investigation.

Child care and protection policies require resources and monitoring of standards to ensure their appropriate implementation. Adequate provision and training of child care and social work staff is required to deliver family support services and alternatives forms of child care. All staff working with children should be trained and supervised in providing appropriate care for children, identifying abuse, and responding appropriately.

The literature in this section contains country reports and examples of national and organisational child care and protection policies.

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Parenting under Adversity: Birth Parents’ Accounts of Inequality and Adoption

Shirley Lewis and Geraldine Brady - Social Sciences, 06 Dec 2018

This paper aims to highlight inequality in current adoption processes and procedures in England and Wales.

Asylum Procedures in Greece: The Case of Unaccompanied Asylum Seeking Minors

Chrisa Giannopoulou & Nick Gill - Asylum Determination in Europe, 05 Dec 2018

This chapter from Asylum Determination in Europe focuses on unaccompanied minors seeking asylum in Greece and their experiences of residing both in shelters and refugee camps.

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Gendered Practices in Child Protection: Shifting Mother Accountability and Father Invisibility in Situations of Domestic Violence

Beth Archer-Kuhn and Stefan de Villiers - Social Inclusion, 04 Dec 2018

This article illuminates current child protection services (CPS) worker practices in situations of domestic violence in Alberta, Canada where inclusion and exclusion decisions are made for service provision, and the ways in which documents reflect these day-to-day practices.

Adoption of Russian children by foreign citizens: some problems concerning the implementation of norms of international law

Eugene S. Anichkin, Kseniya E. Kovalenko, and Anton A. Vasiliev - Estação Científica (UNIFAP) , 01 Dec 2018

This article outlines the prospects for ratifying the Hague Convention on Protection of Children and Cooperation in the Field of Intercountry Adoption of 29 May 1993 and the European Convention on the Adoption of Children (revised) of 27 November 2008.

A Competent Parent, A Loving Professional: A Case Study of Foster Parenting in Russian Children’s Villages

Hyppölä, Oona-Maaria; Hyppölä, Anniina - University of Helsinki, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Social Research, 01 Dec 2018

This thesis takes a range of Russian Children’s Villages as its case study in an attempt to investigate foster parents’ perceptions of parenting and thus shed light on the present-day development of the alternative care system in Russia.

Unsafe and Uneducated: Indifference to Dangers in Pennsylvania’s Residential Child Welfare Facilities

Elissa Glucksman Hyne, Christina Wilson Remlin, Maura McInerney, Isabel Skilton, Genevieve Caffrey - Children’s Rights, 01 Dec 2018

This report is divided into two parts. Part A focuses on the dangers that occur at Pennsylvania’s residential facilities when the Pennsylvania Department of Human Services (“PA-DHS”) fails to provide meaningful oversight. Part B provides background on child residents’ educational rights, details the inferior education that children at these residential facilities receive, especially those children with disabilities, and the devastating consequences.

Mapping of Child Protection Institutions in Ghana

UNICEF, Commission on Human Rights and Administrative Justice, 01 Dec 2018

This report captures the findings of a mapping exercise commissioned by UNICEF Ghana and undertaken by the Commission on Human Rights and Administrative Justice (CHRAJ). This mapping exercise sought primarily to establish the number and profile of institutions at national and sub-national levels involved in child protection.

Juvenile Justice Law Strategic and Operational Plan (JJLSOP)

Ministry of Justice and Ministry of Social Affairs Veterans and Youth Rehabilitation , 01 Dec 2018

This plan builds a solid and sustainable foundation for a modern juvenile justice system in Cambodia and provides effective and positive impact to current and future children, who are in conflict with law.

Adoption and child protection trends for children aged under five in England: Increasing investigations and hidden separation of children from their parents

Andy Bilson & Elizabeth Hunter Munro - Children and Youth Services Review, 28 Nov 2018

This study provides an analysis of the ‘investigative turn’ in England by comparing two large cohorts of children, one whose fifth birthday was in 2011–12 and the other in 2016–17.

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Superkids: Breaking Away from Care

Lemn Sissay - Channel 4, 26 Nov 2018

In this documentary episode from Channel 4 in the UK, Lemn Sissay meets seven young people who are in the care of their council and sets out to help them express their experiences through words and perform them to a packed theatre of decision-makers.

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