This report is a review of the social service workforce in eight countries: Djibouti, Iran, Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco, Palestine, Sudan and Tunisia.

This chapter highlights the key assumptions underlying Randomized Control Trials (RCTs) and illustrates them with regard to the practice of RCTs in the realm of child and adolescent development.

The purpose of this commentary is to reflect on the utility and possible application of the suggestions and study designs in this special issue to real‐life intervention studies in dynamic context settings.

This Practitioner Brief from the the Coordinating Comprehensive Care for Children (4Children) project presents key learning and recommendations from the Keeping Children in Healthy and Protective Families (KCHPF) project in Uganda, which supported the reintegration of children living in residential care back into family care through the provision of a household-based parenting program, individualized case management support and a reunification cash grant aimed at strengthening the reintegration process.

This study provides an illustration of a research design complementary to randomized controlled trial to evaluate program effects, namely, participatory peer research (PPR). The PPR described in current study was carried out in a small sample (N = 10) of young adults with mild intellectual disabilities (MID) and severe behavioral problems [in residential care in the Netherlands].

This report provides a summary of research methodology and details of meetings and data collection from an October 2017 research visit to understand the current child welfare system in Cambodia, in particular the role and function of the Government residential care institutions (RCIs). The report presents findings and recommendations for pathways forward for government-led foster care development.

This article summarises how genetically informed research designs can help disentangle genetic from environmental processes underlying psychopathology outcomes for children, and how this evidence can provide improved insights into the development of more effective preventive intervention targets for adoptive and foster families.

Looked after and adopted children are among the most vulnerable in our society and it is well established that they present with a higher prevalence of mental health problems than children who live with their birth family. This article presents a case study of a 15-year-old boy whose severe difficulties were understood and formulated in terms of ‘attachment problems’ for many years.

This guidance, which was developed for businesses and other organisations required to report under Australia's Modern Slavery Act 2018, offers a case study on orphanage trafficking as well as information on orphanage trafficking as a form of modern slavery and how entities can identify it in their operations and supply chains.

Removal of a baby from his or her mother at the time of birth, when child protection issues are suspected, is know as an Assumption of Care (AoC). This research explored childbearing women's experiences of an AoC at birth. It sought to understand individual women's stories, how they made sense of of the experiences and how these experiences framed their lives.

This study had two aims: first, it sought to test whether Children and young persons (CYPs) who entered residential care with higher level-of-care (LoC) scores on the Child and Adolescent Needs and Strengths (CANS) tool, indicative of higher needs or more intensive services required, were more likely to experience a critical incident. Second, it aimed to test the various needs separately with the occurrence of critical incidents to delineate the impact of each individual need on critical incident.

The present review sought to address the following questions: What evidence is there that long-term, family-based out-of-home care (OOHC) has a general, population-wide effect on children’s mental health such that it is generally reparative or generally harmful? Does entry into long-term OOHC affect children’s mental health, as evidenced by prospective changes over the first years in care? And, is the reparative potential of long-term, family-based OOHC moderated by children’s age at entry into care?

This study examined stakeholder views on the key elements and challenges of youth participation in policy advocacy in the context of a US multi-state current and former foster care youth coalition.

This study sought to analyze the executive functions of a sample of 43 Spanish foster children aged between five and nine years (M = 7.51, SD = 1.29), using a caregiver-reported questionnaire.

This article describes CONCEPT, a multi‐year initiative to enhance capacity of the US state of Connecticut's child welfare system (CWS) to provide trauma‐informed care.

Since failed reunification is a detrimental outcome for children, particularly infants and toddlers, the aim of this study was to gain insight into support to families in multiple-problem situations in the Netherlands to help them achieve sustainable good-enough parenting.

This article reports on an exploratory study about maintaining and supporting the cultural identity of children from culturally and linguistically diverse family backgrounds in foster care placements.

This study is based on diaries maintained by three social workers in relation to 15 families that were the subject of interventions by the child protective services in Sweden.

For this legal note, four experienced attorneys who have litigated many child protection cases were asked about the alleged overreaching that US Child Protective Services (CPS) effectuates by improperly removing a child from its parent(s), seemingly without sufficient cause.

The authors of this article aimed to perform a systematic review of the literature to describe the health status of refugee children on entering reception countries in Europe.

This review synthesises and examines the limited published literature on the impact of traumatic refugee experiences on the mental health and development of Unaccompanied Refugee Minors (URMs).

The aim of this review is to analyse the existing published studies regarding these caregivers’ relationships, with a focus on programs in South Asia.

In this article, institutions in Russia, China, Ghana, and Chile are described with reference to the circumstances that lead to children’s institutionalization, resident children’s social-emotional relationships, and unique characteristics of each country’s institutional care (e.g., volunteer tourism in Ghana, and shifting demographics of institutionalized children in China).

This study seeks to address a number of important questions with regard to children in public care, commonly referred to in the UK as ‘looked-after’ children.