Permanency Planning

Permanency planning is the process of assessing and preparing a child for long term care when in out-of-home placements such as kinship, foster care or institutions. A care plan must centre on what is in the child’s best interests, and therefore requires an ongoing assessment of the child and her needs. A guardian may be appointed as a further protection of a child’s rights. 

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Child Welfare Information Gateway,

This bulletin provides information for child welfare professionals about the importance of permanency for youth and strategies for achieving it. Permanency efforts for youth should include both legal permanency (e.g., reunification, adoption, kinship care) and relational permanency (i.e., a relationship or connection with a caring adult, such as a relative, neighbor, service provider, teacher, or other important person in the youth's life). These adults may provide lifelong support that can help youth transition to adulthood and may even become a legal permanent option for the youth.

Jangmin Kim, Mark Trahan, Jennifer Bellamy, James A. Hall - Children and Youth Services Review,

This study utilized administrative data that reviewed child welfare cases in a Midwestern state in the U.S. to examine interactions between teamwork and parent engagement associated with the permanency of children in out-of-home care.

F.B. van Rooij, C.van der Put, A.M. Maaskant, D. Folkering, J.M.A. Hermanns - Children and Youth Services Review,

This study examined the predictive power of the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) for predicting foster placement breakdown.

Anders Hjern, Bo Vinnerljung, Lars Brännström - Developmental Child Welfare,

To inform decisions about permanent care arrangements, the authors of this study used Swedish national population registers to create a sibling population consisting of 194 children born 1973–1982 who had been in out-of-home care (OHC) at least 5 years before adolescence but were never adopted (50% boys) and their 177 maternal birth siblings who also had been in OHC at least 5 years before their teens but were adopted before adolescence (52.5% boys).

Valerie L’Herrou - Richmond Public Interest Law Review,

This article by staff attorney for family law and child welfare at the Virginia Poverty Law Center's Center for Family Advocacy, Valerie L’Herrou, outlines and analyses several new bills introduced by the Virginia General Assembly in 2018 and their impacts on young people aging out of the foster care system and family reintegration.

Elsbeth Neil - The Future of Adoption: Beyond Safety to Well-Being,

When children are adopted from the care system staying in touch with members of their birth families must be considered.This research paper draws on the English experience.

Foster & Adoptive Care Coalition,

This brief from the Foster & Adoptive Care Coalition in the United States provides an overview of the 30 Days to Family® program in the U.S. state of Missouri, an intense, short-term intervention developed by the Foster & Adoptive Care Coalition to: 1) increase the number of children placed with relatives/kin at the time they enter the foster care system; and 2) ensure natural and community supports are in place to promote stability for the child.

Kathleen Belanger, Ruth Mcroy, Joe Haynes - The Future of Adoption: Beyond Safety to Well-Being,

This paper describes two successful models in which African American families both self-recruited, and were recruited by agencies seeking to place African American children.

Maria Lotty - Foster, Issue 7,

This article describes some of the research outcomes and the ongoing work of the research collaboration between University College Cork (UCC) and Tusla – Child and Family Agency which sought to make a contribution to fostering stability through applying the approach of traumainformed care.

Carolien Konijn - Children and Youth Services Review,

For this study, ten multilevel meta-analyses were performed to examine factors that can affect instability of foster care placement.