Residential Care

Residential care refers to any group living arrangement where children are looked after by paid staff in a specially designated facility. It covers a wide variety of settings ranging from emergency shelters and small group homes, to larger-scale institutions such as orphanages or children’s homes. As a general rule, residential care should only be provided on a temporary basis, for example while efforts are made to promote family reintegration or to identify family based care options for children. In some cases however, certain forms of residential care can operate as a longer-term care solution for children.

Residential care can be a positive alternative for some girls and boys when it is used appropriately and meets certain standards. For example, small group home living arrangements or supported independent living can work well in cases where children (often older teenagers) don’t feel comfortable in a family setting, or where large groups of siblings want to stay together. Similarly in cases where children have suffered trauma, severe abuse or neglect, have a severe disability or require specialised support, small group settings where trained staff can provide therapeutic care may be an appropriate care option. As much as possible, residential facilities should be small, community-based, organised to resemble a family-type or small-group situation and allow for sufficient staff to provide individualised attention to children.

It is important to distinguish between residential care and institutional care, which should only be used as a last and temporary resort for children. Institutional care refers to large-scale group care within big institutional facilities and has been associated with a wide range of problems for children including physical, social and emotional under-development - with babies and infants under the age of three especially vulnerable to lasting harm. Long periods in an institution can deprive children of positive individual attention from consistent caregivers, make it difficult for them to assimilate back into a family and community, and are often linked to increased risk of sexual and physical abuse, a lack of stimulation, and harsh discipline.

In recent years, deinstitutionalisation has been at the heart of national care reform efforts, which seek to reduce reliance on institutional care and to promote family and community based care options for children instead. This includes efforts to promote ethical volunteerism within residential care centres, educate donors and to avoid proliferation of orphanages and children’s homes after humanitarian emergencies.

The documents in this section outline residential care options for children, examine the damaging impact of institutions, explore family and community-based care alternatives and describe care reform efforts including initiatives around ethical volunteerism.

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Identifying Basic Characteristics of Formal Alternative Care Settings For Children: A Discussion Paper

Better Care Network, Family for Every Child, International Social Service, Save the Children, SOS Children’s Villages International , 16 Mar 2013

The discussion paper provides an overview of existing definitions of formal care within the UN Guidelines and a summary of the basic characteristics identified for each, together with explanations for the proposed characteristics.

Moving Forward: Implementing the 'Guidelines for the Alternative Care of Children' - German Version

CELCIS & Working Group on Children without Parental Care of the NGO Group for the Convention on the Rights of the Child, 06 Mar 2013

This handbook (in German) is designed as a tool for legislators, policy-makers, and all professionals and care providers to support the implementation of the Guidelines for the Alternative Care of Children, endorsed by the United Nations General Assembly in 2009.

Moving Forward: Implementing the 'Guidelines for the Alternative Care of Children' - Mandarin Version

CELCIS & Working Group on Children without Parental Care of the NGO Group for the Convention on the Rights of the Child, 06 Mar 2013

This handbook (in Mandarin) is designed as a tool for legislators, policy-makers, and all professionals and care providers to support the implementation of the Guidelines for the Alternative Care of Children, endorsed by the United Nations General Assembly in 2009.

"En marche" vers la mise en œuvre des Lignes directrices relatives à la protection de remplacement pour les enfants

CELSIS & Working Group on Children without Parental Care , 06 Mar 2013

Ce manuel est conçu comme un outil pour les législateurs, les décideurs politiques, et tous les professionnels afin de soutenir la mise en œuvre des lignes directrices pour la prise en charge alternative des enfants, approuvées par l'Assemblée générale des Nations Unies en 2009

Moving Forward: Implementing the 'Guidelines for the Alternative Care of Children' - Russian Version

CELCIS & Working Group on Children without Parental Care of the NGO Group for the Convention on the Rights of the Child, 06 Mar 2013

This handbook (in Russian) is designed as a tool for legislators, policy-makers, and all professionals and care providers to support the implementation of the Guidelines for the Alternative Care of Children, endorsed by the United Nations General Assembly in 2009.

Avanzando en la Implementación de las “Directrices sobre las modalidades alternativas de cuidado de los niños”

CELSIS & Working Group on Children without Parental Care , 06 Mar 2013

Este manual está diseñado como una herramienta para legisladores, responsables de políticas públicas, y todos los profesionales y provedores de cuidados para apoyar la implementación de las Directrices para el Cuidado Alternativo de la Infancia, avalada por la Asamblea General de las Naciones Unidas en 2009.

Historical Abuse—A Contemporary Issue: Compiling Inquiries into Abuse and Neglect of Children in Out-of-Home Care Worldwide

Johanna Sköld - Journal of Scandinavian Studies in Criminology and Crime Prevention , 25 Feb 2013

The aim of the article is to compile inquiries into abuse and neglect in out-of-home care that have been conducted worldwide in order to frame the historical context in which these inquiries and truth commissions were set up.

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EU Commission Recommendation (2013/112/EU) on Investing in Children

European Union, 20 Feb 2013

This Recommendation by the European Commission on Investing in Children, stresses the importance of early intervention and preventative approaches, and makes quality childcare one of its key policy areas to break the cycle of disadvantage in early years and reduce the risk of child poverty and social exclusion.

FairStart Online Training on working with Young Children in Residential or Foster Care

FairStart , 16 Feb 2013

FairStart Training is a free 15 step online program developed by a child psychologists in Denmark, in collaboration with a team of childcare professionals, with support from the European Commission. It is a development program that aims to improve the professional care giving skills of those working with young people in public care (focused on children aged 0-3) through daily practices and organizational development.

fairstart

Maltreatment experiences and associated factors prior to admission to residential care: A sample of institutionalized children and youth in western Kenya

Gillian Morantz, Donald C. Cole, Samuel Ayaya, David Ayuku, and Paula Braitstein - Child Abuse & Neglect, 03 Jan 2013

This study aims to determine the prevalence of maltreatment experienced by institutionalized children prior to their admission to Charitable Children's Institutions (orphanages) in western Kenya, and to describe their socio-demographic characteristics, reasons for admission, and the factors associated with prior experiences of maltreatment.

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