Child Exploitation

Child trafficking is a form of child abuse. It is the exploitation of children for economic or sexual purposes, and includes the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harbouring, or receipt of a child for exploitation. Children may be sold, illegally adopted, forced into early marriage, recruited into the armed forces, pushed into prostitution, or trafficked to work in mines, factories, or homes. In such environments they are exposed to extreme forms of abuse and are denied access to basic services and the meeting of their fundamental human rights. Trafficked children often lack basic legal status and support networks, making their condition virtually "invisible."

Children without parental care, living in poverty, and those in high risk environments such as war affected regions, are all highly vulnerable to trafficking. Conflict and post conflict environments pose the greatest risk to children since the breakdown in family and social systems, the increase in poverty, and large numbers of troops present, are all factors which make sexual and economic exploitation of children more common.

Prevention is crucial to reduce the incidence of children affected and includes the registering of all displaced children, and their temporary care until verification and family reunification activities can take place. All children, caretakers, and communities should be educated on the risks to children and protective steps to ensure children do not become separated and exposed to abuse and exploitation. Where possible, unaccompanied children should be placed in regulated and protective family environments such as kinship or foster care.

Governments, the police, border controls, teachers, and all organizations responsible for protection must work together to prevent trafficking, identify those children at risk, advocate for their safety, and prosecute those responsible. This includes awareness raising for communities, institutions, and personnel working with vulnerable groups, such as armed forces, peacekeepers, and humanitarian workers.

Support services for children who have been trafficked should include medical, psychosocial, family reunification, and legal elements, to facilitate the reintegration of the child into the community and to enable educational and economic opportunities which are in the child’s best interests.

This section of documents examines the nature of trafficking in more detail, and includes policy and practical information to prevent and respond to child exploitation.

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Building a Holistic Child Protection System, Step by Step, in the United Republic of Tanzania

UNICEF , 2015

This case study of the child protection system in the United Republic of Tanzania is part of a UNICEF global initiative, undertaken in collaboration with Global Affairs Canada to document national child protection frameworks to gain an understanding of the country, the response of government and other actors, as well as other factors contributing to success in protecting children from violence, exploitation and abuse.

Child Care Institutions in Selected Districts in Uganda and the Situation of Children in Care Baseline Survey Report: ‘Strong Beginnings – A Family for all Children’ Project

Eddy J. Walakira, Ismael Ddumba-Nyanzi, Badru Bukenya, 2015

This report presents findings of a baseline study for the Strong Beginnings -- A Family for all Children project.

Practitioner Briefing #1: What is peer-on-peer abuse?

Carlene Firmin and George Curtis, MsUnderstood Partnership (2015), 2015

This briefing outlines what current research tells us about the nature of peer-on-peer abuse, and considers what this might mean for building a response.

Case Study: D’s Story - Indonesia

Global Study Sexual Exploitation of Children in Travel and Tourism, 2015

The case study, which accompanies ECPAT's Global Study on Sexual Exploitation of Children in Travel and Tourism, tells the story of Dahlia, a 15 year-old girl from Indonesia who is a survivor of child sexual exploitation.

Orphanage Tourism in Cambodia: The Complexities of ‘Doing Good’ in Popular Humanitarianism

Tess Catherine Guiney - Thesis, Doctor of Philosophy, University of Otago, 2015

This thesis explores orphanage tourism within the context of Cambodia, adopting a critical geography approach to investigate the intricate and contentious aspects of tourism within this space.

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The political economy of orphanage tourism in Cambodia

Tess Guiney & Mary Mostafanezhad - Tourist Studies, 30 Dec 2014

Taking a Polanyian political economy approach, this article illustrates how the emergence of and response to the orphanage tourism industry represent, in Karl Polanyi’s words, a ‘double movement’ between the neoliberalization of orphanages and the corollary protective countermovement by antiorphanage tourism campaigns that challenge the industry’s morality and legitimacy.

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Going Home: 8 Years Lost in Kathmandu

Forget Me Not, 12 Dec 2014

This video, from Forget Me Not, features the story of Alisha, a young girl in Nepal who was separated from her family and taken to a children’s home in Kathmandu.

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International Volunteering in Residential Care Centres: An Overview

Anna McKeon , 11 Dec 2014

Anna McKeon, consultant for the Better Volunteering Better Care initiative, presented at a launch event of a new report on orphanage volunteering from Next Generation Nepal.