Child Exploitation

Child trafficking is a form of child abuse. It is the exploitation of children for economic or sexual purposes, and includes the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harbouring, or receipt of a child for exploitation. Children may be sold, illegally adopted, forced into early marriage, recruited into the armed forces, pushed into prostitution, or trafficked to work in mines, factories, or homes. In such environments they are exposed to extreme forms of abuse and are denied access to basic services and the meeting of their fundamental human rights. Trafficked children often lack basic legal status and support networks, making their condition virtually "invisible."

Children without parental care, living in poverty, and those in high risk environments such as war affected regions, are all highly vulnerable to trafficking. Conflict and post conflict environments pose the greatest risk to children since the breakdown in family and social systems, the increase in poverty, and large numbers of troops present, are all factors which make sexual and economic exploitation of children more common.

Prevention is crucial to reduce the incidence of children affected and includes the registering of all displaced children, and their temporary care until verification and family reunification activities can take place. All children, caretakers, and communities should be educated on the risks to children and protective steps to ensure children do not become separated and exposed to abuse and exploitation. Where possible, unaccompanied children should be placed in regulated and protective family environments such as kinship or foster care.

Governments, the police, border controls, teachers, and all organizations responsible for protection must work together to prevent trafficking, identify those children at risk, advocate for their safety, and prosecute those responsible. This includes awareness raising for communities, institutions, and personnel working with vulnerable groups, such as armed forces, peacekeepers, and humanitarian workers.

Support services for children who have been trafficked should include medical, psychosocial, family reunification, and legal elements, to facilitate the reintegration of the child into the community and to enable educational and economic opportunities which are in the child’s best interests.

This section of documents examines the nature of trafficking in more detail, and includes policy and practical information to prevent and respond to child exploitation.

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Child-Friendly Standards and Guidelines for the Recovery and Integration of Trafficked Children

International Labor Organization, 2006

Standards for shelters and care providers responding to children who have been trafficked. It gives guidance and practice examples of intake procedures, interim and longer term care, support services, integration and reunification

Exploring Factors and Processes Leading to HIV Risk among the Most Vulnerable Children and Adolescents in Vietnam

Jan de Lind van Wijngaarden, 2006

A literature review of HIV vulnerability in Vietnamese children. Includes analysis of current gaps in related research.

Guidelines on the Protection of Child Victims of Trafficking. UNICEF Technical Notes

UNICEF , 2006

General principles for the protection of trafficked children. Guidance is given on identification, appointment of a guardian, registration, interim care, case assessment, durable solutions, access to justice, costs, and research issues.

Guidelines for Combatting Child Labor Among Indigenous and Tribal Peoples

International Labor Organization IPEC and PRO 169, 2006

Guidelines to address the specific needs and rights of indigenous children in the context of child labour. Includes a comprehensive list of follow-up resources.

Promising Practices in Community-Based Social Services in CEE/CIS/Baltics

Rebecca T. Davis, 2005

Provides a framework for analysis of community-based social welfare services and linkages with government structures. Includes analysis of alternative care provision, de-institutionalization, programming for children with disabilities, standards of care, and overall social welfare sector reform.

The Psychosocial Rehabilitation of Children who have been Commercially Sexually Exploited. Self Study Materials

ECPAT International (End Child Prostitution, Child Pornography and Trafficking of Children for Sexual Purposes, 2005

A self-study manual on the care, protection and psychosocial rehabilitation of commercially sexually exploited children.

Protecting Children in Emergencies

Save the Children, 2005

A twelve page policy brief that outlines Save the Children's position on the type of protection children need in an emergency. Contains some statistical information.

The Psychosocial Rehabilitation of Children who have been Commercially Sexually Exploited. A Training Guide

ECPAT International (End Child Prostitution, Child Pornography and Trafficking of Children for Sexual Purposes, 2005

A resource pack for training caregivers of children who have been commercially sexually exploited. It includes 12 units to develop knowledge and practical skills of caregivers in areas such as child sexual abuse, commercial sexual exploitation, special and psychosocial needs, behavior management, health promotion, life and social skills, education and vocational training, communication and therapeutic skills, and rehabilitation.

Guidelines for the Operation of Care Facilities for Victims of Trafficking and Violence Against Women and Girls

John Frederick for Planete Enfants, 2005

Operational standards and guidance for residential care facilities for girls and women survivors of trafficking and abuse. It covers administration and staff, confidentiality, care planning, responding to immediate and longer term support needs, psychosocial care, life skills and reintegration activities.

Manual for Medical Officers. Dealing with Child Victims of Trafficking and Commercial Sexual Exploitation

UNICEF and the Ministry of Human Resource Development, Department of Women and Child Development, Government of India, 2005

A comprehensive guide to conducting medical examinations, particularly age determination tests, in medico-legal cases of child victims of trafficking and commercial sexual exploitation.