Child Exploitation

Child trafficking is a form of child abuse. It is the exploitation of children for economic or sexual purposes, and includes the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harbouring, or receipt of a child for exploitation. Children may be sold, illegally adopted, forced into early marriage, recruited into the armed forces, pushed into prostitution, or trafficked to work in mines, factories, or homes. In such environments they are exposed to extreme forms of abuse and are denied access to basic services and the meeting of their fundamental human rights. Trafficked children often lack basic legal status and support networks, making their condition virtually "invisible."

Children without parental care, living in poverty, and those in high risk environments such as war affected regions, are all highly vulnerable to trafficking. Conflict and post conflict environments pose the greatest risk to children since the breakdown in family and social systems, the increase in poverty, and large numbers of troops present, are all factors which make sexual and economic exploitation of children more common.

Prevention is crucial to reduce the incidence of children affected and includes the registering of all displaced children, and their temporary care until verification and family reunification activities can take place. All children, caretakers, and communities should be educated on the risks to children and protective steps to ensure children do not become separated and exposed to abuse and exploitation. Where possible, unaccompanied children should be placed in regulated and protective family environments such as kinship or foster care.

Governments, the police, border controls, teachers, and all organizations responsible for protection must work together to prevent trafficking, identify those children at risk, advocate for their safety, and prosecute those responsible. This includes awareness raising for communities, institutions, and personnel working with vulnerable groups, such as armed forces, peacekeepers, and humanitarian workers.

Support services for children who have been trafficked should include medical, psychosocial, family reunification, and legal elements, to facilitate the reintegration of the child into the community and to enable educational and economic opportunities which are in the child’s best interests.

This section of documents examines the nature of trafficking in more detail, and includes policy and practical information to prevent and respond to child exploitation.

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Missing Children, State Care, and Child Sex Trafficking: Engaging the Judiciary in Building a Collaborative Response

National Council of Juvenile and Family Court Judges and National Center for Missing & Exploited Children, 2015

This technical assistance brief answers the question “What steps can a judge take when a child runs away or goes missing from care?” The brief is intended to educate juvenile and family court judges in the United States on the steps to be taken to assist in in locating and recovering children who go missing from care.

ASEAN Plan of Action Against Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children

ASEAN, 2015

This ASEAN Plan of Action, which complements the ASEAN Convention Against Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children (ACTIP), aims to provide specific action plans within ASEAN Member States’ domestic laws and policies, as well as relevant international obligations, to effectively address regional challenges common to all ASEAN Member States in the identified major concerns.

Building a Holistic Child Protection System, Step by Step, in the United Republic of Tanzania

UNICEF , 2015

This case study of the child protection system in the United Republic of Tanzania is part of a UNICEF global initiative, undertaken in collaboration with Global Affairs Canada to document national child protection frameworks to gain an understanding of the country, the response of government and other actors, as well as other factors contributing to success in protecting children from violence, exploitation and abuse.

The political economy of orphanage tourism in Cambodia

Tess Guiney & Mary Mostafanezhad - Tourist Studies, 30 Dec 2014

Taking a Polanyian political economy approach, this article illustrates how the emergence of and response to the orphanage tourism industry represent, in Karl Polanyi’s words, a ‘double movement’ between the neoliberalization of orphanages and the corollary protective countermovement by antiorphanage tourism campaigns that challenge the industry’s morality and legitimacy.

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Going Home: 8 Years Lost in Kathmandu

Forget Me Not, 12 Dec 2014

This video, from Forget Me Not, features the story of Alisha, a young girl in Nepal who was separated from her family and taken to a children’s home in Kathmandu.

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International Volunteering in Residential Care Centres: An Overview

Anna McKeon , 11 Dec 2014

Anna McKeon, consultant for the Better Volunteering Better Care initiative, presented at a launch event of a new report on orphanage volunteering from Next Generation Nepal.

Study on Legal Guardianship and Adoption Practices in Uganda

Dr. Hope Among - UNICEF & The Republic of Uganda, 01 Dec 2014

This study on legal guardianship and adoption practices in Uganda was designed to explore and get insight into current care practices.

Sexual abuse of children and youth in residential care: An international review

Margaretha C. Timmerman, Pauline R. Schreuder - Aggression and Violent Behavior, 01 Dec 2014

This paper reports the results of an international review of academic literature on sexual abuse in residential child and youth care, 1945–2011.

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Collected viewpoints on international volunteering in residential care centres Country focus: Cambodia

20 Nov 2014

Collected viewpoints on international volunteering in residential care centres Country focus: Cambodia is a document developed by Better Volunteering Better Care Intitative

Better Volunteering Better Care: Current activity and initiatives

Better Volunteering, Better Care Initiative, 20 Nov 2014

Better Volunteering Better Care: Current activity and initiatives is a document developed by the Better Volunteering Better Care Intiative