Adoption and Kafala

Adoption is the formal, permanent transfer of parental rights to a family other than a child’s own and the formal assumption by that family of all parenting duties for the child. Where a child’s parents are living and their parental rights have not been terminated, they must provide informed consent for adoption. In some countries it is not culturally acceptable to give the parental rights to a non-family member, and therefore alternative long-term care options must be pursued e.g. kinship care. In some Islamic countries, the term ‘Kafala’ in Islamic law is used to describe a situation similar to adoption, but without the severing of family ties, the transference of inheritance rights, or the change of the child’s family name.   

 

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International Social Services and International Reference Centre for the Rights of the Child Deprived of their Family (ISS/IRC),

A 2-page fact sheet outlining the general priniciples to be taken into account regarding international adoption. Discusses the "adoptability" of children who have not lost their parents, but are abandoned or made vulnerable by poverty.

Holt International Children's Services,

Recognition of the crises affecting children and a commitment to improving the lives of children.

The chapters in this Research Note are grouped in three sections. The first section (chapters 2–5) presents the international experiences. The second (chapters 6–7) presents the Russian background, whereas the third section (chapter 8–9) offers an updated presentation of Russian realities as to the placement of orphans.

The Republic of Ghana,

This document provides written replies by the Government of Ghana concerning t issues received by the Committee on the Rights of the Child relating to the consideration of the second periodic report of Ghana. This includes issues related adoption and fostering.

This presentation was given at the Alternative Care Workshop in Bangkok in November 2005.

Miller L, Chan W, Comfort K, Tirella L.,

Since 1986, American parents have adopted over 17,300 children from Guatemala. This study assessed the health, growth, and developmental status of 103 Guatemalan adopted children (48 girls; 55 boys) after arrival in the United States. Physical evidence suggestive of prenatal alcohol exposure and adequacy of vaccinations administered were also reviewed.

Richard Carter - EveryChild,

A report discussing the advent and perpetuation of institutional care in Central and Eastern Europe and the Former Soviet Union prior to and since the end of the communist regime. It also provides examples of family-based care as models of care to substitute institutional care and offers recommendations to donors, NGOs and governments for child care reform based on their experience in CEE and FSU.

E. Wayne,

Documenting shifting attitudes on adoption in India. Highlights persistent difficulties in national policy reform.

Nigel Cantwell; Isabel Lammerant; Laura Martinez-Mora,

Assessment of the care system, domestic adoption, and international adoption in Ukraine with a summary of key findings and recommendations.

Scottish Executive,

A set of standards guiding services for children who have been adopted, birth families, and adoptive parents.