In this Lancet article, the author Saleyha Ahsan highlights the growing threat faced by Ukraine's 7·5 million children as the conflict continues. Children are being killed or wounded through direct attacks by Russian military or they have been forced to flee their homes to an uncertain future. In a statement to The Lancet, WHO called for international humanitarian and human rights law to be upheld. “The number of civilians, including children, dying as a result of the military offensive in Ukraine keeps rising. This must stop. The protection of civilians must be priority number one.”