Highlights
- School-based population survey in British Columbia, Canada (unweighted n = 38,015)
- Youth in care reported worse general and mental health than youth not in care.
- Youth in care missed needed medical care more frequently than youth not in care.
- Female and non-binary youth in care had worse health and more missed care than males.
- Negative health care experiences and transportation were barriers for youth in care.
Abstract
Purpose
Youth in care (YIC) are a marginalized population with high health care needs and barriers to access, resulting in lifelong health disparities. This study examines the health of Canadian YIC and their engagement with the Canadian health care system on a population level.
Methods
Data were retrieved from the 2018 British Columbia Adolescent Health Survey, a cross-sectional population survey of Grade 7–12 students (ages 12–19 years) in British Columbia, Canada (n = 38,015). Primary outcomes were self-rated general health and mental health, missed medical care, and missed mental health care among YIC. Secondary outcomes included health care access and gender differences. Multivariate analyses adjusted for age, gender, and food insecurity.
Results
YIC represented 1.9 % of the weighted sample population. Compared to non-YIC, YIC accessed health care more frequently from mental health professionals and youth-focused clinics and less frequently from family physicians. YIC reported worse general health (AOR 1.81 [99 % CI 1.40–2.34]) and mental health (AOR 1.81 [99 % CI 1.42–2.32]) than non-YIC. Adjusted for health status, YIC experienced more missed medical care (AOR 1.96 [99 % CI 1.46–2.62]) but comparable missed mental health care to non-YIC. Significant barriers for YIC included negative health care experiences and transportation. Among YIC, female and non-binary genders also had increased risk for worse health and missed care compared to males.
Conclusions
YIC in Canada have inequitably unmet health care needs. Many complex factors contribute to this disparity and its correlation with out-of-home care. Further action is needed to reduce health care barriers for YIC.
