Orphanage Tourism, Voluntourism and Trafficking

A growing evidence base has consistently highlighted the negative impact on children of living in institutional care such as orphanages – especially when parents or close family members are still living nearby. The increasing trend in volunteering in or visiting these facilities compounds the issue and the impact on children. Not only does it encourage the expansion of orphanages, but it also makes children vulnerable to abuse in those areas where regulation is lax, creates attachment problems in children who become attached to short-term visitors, and can heighten the risk for unregulated inter-country adoption by well-intentioned volunteers who form a bond with a child and want to take them home.

This section highlights resources focused on international volunteering, tourism, and donations in residential care centres.

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Department of Probation and Child Care Services, Ministry of Women and Child Affairs,

The objective of this study was to provide basic information on the current situation of children under institutional care in the entire country of Sri Lanka, in order to identify the issues affecting those institutionalized children and to recommend plausible solutions.

P. Jane Reas,

As part of a wider qualitative study of the volunteering experience, this paper seeks to critique the problematic relationship between a touristic experience and the needs of Cambodia’s poor children. 

Tess Guiney - Pacific News #38 ,

This research investigates the forms that ‘orphanage tourism’ takes in Cambodia and the impacts of this popular phenomenon on those who are purported to benefit: orphanages and orphans.

The Ministry of Social Affairs, Veterans and Youth Rehabilitation ,

Study to understand prevailing attitudes towards residential care in Cambodia and to generate evidence for policy development and advocacy

Linda M. Richter and Amy Norman - Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies: An International Interdisciplinary Journal for Research, Policy and Care,

This article reviews the current discourse on what is being called a crisis of care for children, as well as literature on out-of-home/family care and its adverse impacts on child development. The article also describes an emerging “AIDS orphan tourism” and highlights its negative impacts.

John Williamson and Aaron Greenberg - Better Care Network,

With particular attention to lower income countries, Families, Not Orphanages examines the mismatch between children’s needs and the realities and long-term effects of residential institutions.

Afra Galama - Masters' Thesis, Anthropology of Mobility, Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen,

The focus of this thesis is the position of orphans, vulnerable children and orphanages in Ghana in relation to the ‘help’ they receive from western volunteers and NGOs.

Benjamin J. Lough - European Journal of Social Work,

This analysis compares historic and current trends in Ukrainian orphanages with changes that led to the general demise of the American institutionalized child welfare system.

UK Aid Direct,

This page of its website outlines what types of programs and activities UK Aid Direct will not be funding, including orphanages.

ReThink Orphanages,

This factsheet from ReThink Orphanages provides an overview of the institutional care of children around the world and how Australia contributes to that institutionalization.