Though child adoption has long been considered to be a child welfare practice, the authors, who have extensive expertise in both domestic and intercountry adoption, argue that it has ultimately undermined children’s and families’ rights, social welfare, and child protection systems. Through a brief history of both domestic and intercountry adoption practice, as well as case studies of intercountry adoption abuses in Guatemala, Cambodia, Uganda, and Kenya, we demonstrate the problems that have resulted from intercountry adoption and the challenges they have posed for the social work profession. We discuss the distortion of social work practices in the context of illicit activities in low-resource settings and the reckoning that is currently underway for intercountry adoption. We employ a human rights perspective to argue that social work ethics must include self-determination, integrity, and human dignity—as well as systems integrity as foster care and adoption systems emerge in low-resource contexts.