Introduction
This chapter explores the drivers behind the continued, and in some parts of the world, growing, institutionalization of children. It presents evidence related to the serious harm caused by institutionalization and the better alternatives that exist. In addition, it provides developing evidence of a range of economic drivers behind the proliferation of ‘orphanages’ globally. Finally, it summarizes an approach to transforming children’s services and reducing reliance on institutional care that has been tried and tested in many countries. It is hoped this chapter will assist researchers and practitioners globally who work to strengthen and transform child protection systems and services.