This article describes how a new bipartisan U.S. congressional report finds that children with mental health needs are often incarcerated in juvenile detention centers across the country—sometimes without having committed any crime—because community-based mental health care and placement options are severely limited or unavailable. The survey of 157 facilities in 25 states showed that many youths are held for weeks, months, or even longer while waiting for appropriate care, compounding trauma and denying access to necessary treatment, prompting lawmakers to call for reforms so that children receive care instead of incarceration.