Deinstitutionalization (DI) of residential homes for children in Ghana has become central to child protection reforms, yet its implementation for child trafficking survivors remains uneven and contested. This study explores how structural, socio-cultural, and economic factors have constrained effective DI and shaped reintegration outcomes. A review of the literature (n = 45) was conducted to examine the evidence on DI, family-based care, and survivor rehabilitation. Findings reveal that although policy frameworks have promoted family-based alternatives, entrenched poverty, fragile kinship systems, limited psychosocial services, and weak state oversight have undermined safe and sustainable reintegration, often heightening re-trafficking risks. Evidence supports a gradual, well-resourced transition away from institutional care toward strengthened community-based protection, long-term family support, and trauma-informed services. The review concludes that DI in Ghana can be effective only when guided by the best interests of the child and embedded within broader reforms that address economic insecurity, enhance social services, and ensure continuous monitoring of trafficking survivors.