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Over the last decade, research in basic human development has revealed that institutional care - particularly when used to serve children under five - is not an appropriate form of alternative care, and instead of protecting children can put them at further risk of harm. Efforts have been made to transition international thinking away from the use of orphanage-based systems and toward providing family-based care. With this in mind, the Congressional Coalition on Adoption Institute’s (CCAI) The Way Forward Project brought together a group of…
Measurement methods to assess the strength of child protection systems in humanitarian settings are lacking. Creating an evidence base for protection programming for children, including SGBV, is difficult. Traditional impact assessment methodologies are often not feasible or appropriate in humanitarian or displacement contexts. A lack of rigorous and robust methods and tools to measure the outcomes associated with child protection programming in humanitarian settings limits the ability to measure the results of UNHCR’s programming and the impact of its new strategies.
In response to…
This document begins by discussing the background for developing the psychosocial indicators that are used for measurement and the limitations of current indicators. The purpose was to create national level psychosocial indicators.
It goes on to provide an in depth review of the psychosocial impacts that HIV/AIDS have on children. Specifically it covers poverty, death, loss, grieving, stigma, discrimination, and increased risk of infection.
Finally, the author provides samples of surveys that can be used for measuring psychosocial indicators through caregiver and youth…
A National Plan of Action (NPA) for Orphans and Vulnerable Children (OVC) is a government strategy document detailing a set of key objectives and the corresponding activities to address the national OVC situation. In general, NPAs share a common format, drawing their key objectives from the 2001 UN Declaration of Commitment on HIV/AIDS, generated at the UN General Assembly Special Session on HIV/AIDS. The plans are therefore oriented towards HIV/AIDS. NPAs are usually designed as a five year matrix, often broken down into one or two-year planning phases. The purpose is to respond…
This paper, which reviews a program in World Vision Rwanda to provide psychosocial mentoring to OVC, shows that the lack of parental care and guidance caused multiple emotional problems in the lives of orphans. Several mentors reported that while youth were initially apprehensive and distant, after only a few visits, most youth became very excited about the mentor’s arrival. Overall, volunteers have indicated that the youth have been very responsive and welcoming of the mentor.
©World Vision International
In sub-Saharan Africa an estimated 12 million children under the age of 18 have lost one or both parents to AIDS (UNAIDS, UNICEF, USAID, 2004). Many more children live with one or more chronically ill parent. At present, however, relatively few orphans and children with chronically ill caregivers are receiving services. Estimating the costs associated with delivering services to orphans and children with chronically ill caregivers can provide policymakers and program managers with important information necessary for the successful management and sustainability of a program. This paper…
Due to the impact of the Genocide and a relatively high incidence of HIV/AIDS prevalence among the adult population, the number of orphans is especially high in Rwanda. This paper uses a recent household survey to assess whether orphans are more likely to be poor, malnourished, and working, and whether they are less likely to be enrolled in school than other children. Although orphans are less likely to live in poor households (because foster families tend to be comparatively richer), we find large differences between orphans and non-orphans in terms of school enrollment, child labor, and…
The survey is designed to assess the needs of families with young children in communities heavily affected by the HIV/AIDS epidemic. The survey provides information about the household, the community, and basic exposure to social, medical and legal services. The information from the survey is intended to be used to design service programs that target the needs of specific communities and families with young children. The survey instrument includes a script for the interviewer.
©PACT, USAID, and Futures Group
This study was commissioned by UNICEF, the International Save the Children Alliance and the Government of Rwanda. Following the genocide and civil war in 1994, fostering has been promoted by the Government and by agencies as the preferred option for younger separated children unable to return to the care of their own families. Although responsibility for the care of children is traditionally shared within the extended family and with close friends, care by strangers has not been common. Approximately 1 200 children have been fostered by agencies (referred to as “formal” or “agency” fostering…
Rwanda emerged from a long period of crisis in 1998. The 1994 genocide, the ensuing civil war, and large-scale population movements all influenced national long-term development trends. Children suffered particularly during this period and the Rwandan society continues to struggle with a high incidence of poverty as well as a nascent health and education system.
Infant and child mortality remain high, with diseases such as malaria being very common. And the rapidly growing prevalence of HIV infections adds an additional burden to an already overextended traditional coping system. While the…