Prevalence and number of children living in institutional care: global, regional, and country estimates
06 Mar 2020
Guatemala
Highlighted Document
Demographic Data
48.3
Gini Coefficiency
World Bank, 2014
16.35 million
Total Population
Census, 2018
40.19%
Percent Population Under 18
Census, 2018
upper middle income country
World Bank GNI Status
World Bank, 2019
0.651
Medium Human Development
Human Development Index
UNDP, 2019
59.3%
Living Below Poverty Line
Instituto Nacional de Estadística - Guatemala, 2014
4.5
People
Median Household Size
Census, 2018
Children's Living Arrangement
%
Country
NO SOURCE GIVEN
65%
Living with Both Parents
Ministerio de Salud Pública y Asistencia Social (MSPAS), Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), ICF International, 2017. Encuesta Nacional de Salud Materno Infantil 2014-2015. Informe Final. Guatemala, MSPAS/INE/ICF
22%
Living with Mother Only
Encuesta Nacional de Condiciones de Vida 2014
i
Ministerio de Salud Pública y Asistencia Social (MSPAS), Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), ICF International, 2017. Encuesta Nacional de Salud Materno Infantil 2014-2015. Informe Final. Guatemala, MSPAS/INE/ICF
3.6%
Living with Father Only
Encuesta Nacional de Condiciones de Vida 2014
15%
Living with Neither Parent
Ministerio de Salud Pública y Asistencia Social (MSPAS), Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), ICF International, 2017. Encuesta Nacional de Salud Materno Infantil 2014-2015. Informe Final. Guatemala, MSPAS/INE/ICF
6.4%
Living in Kinship Care with One Parent Dead
DHS, 2014-2015
0.4%
Living in Kinship Care with Both Parents Dead
Ministerio de Salud Pública y Asistencia Social (MSPAS), Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), ICF International, 2017. Encuesta Nacional de Salud Materno Infantil 2014-2015. Informe Final. Guatemala, MSPAS/INE/ICF
%
Effective
NO SOURCE GIVEN
Children Living without Biological Parent
Children at Risk of Separation
54.8%
Children living below poverty line
Pobreza Multidimensional infantil y adolescente en Guatemala: PRIVACIONES A SUPERAR. 2016, ICEFI y UNICEF
5.3%
Children with Disabilities
ENDIS 2016
i
age 2-17
Left Behind Children (Migration)
30329
children
CIPRODENI, 2019
i
NNA aprehendidos en la frontera sur de EEUU: 30,329
NNA Guatemaltecos retornados: 20,028
Ethnic Minority children
3.01 million
children
Census, 2018
i
Mayan 2,866,111 (age 0-18 / 2018)
Garífuna 7, 280 (age 0-18 / 2018)
Xinka 123,387 (age 0-18 / 2018)
Afromestizo 12,321 (age 0-18 / 2018)
Children affected by HIV
35
children
Informe epidemiológico de VIH del MSPAS 2017
i
age 0-19
Children in conflict with the law
1131
children
Cuaderno de Debate: Adolescentes en Conflicto con la Ley Penal desde la justicia restaurativa, FLACSO, 2017.
i
aged 13-18
Formal Alternative Care Arrangements
Settings
Children
NO SOURCE GIVEN
Settings
Children
NO SOURCE GIVEN
Formal Family-Based Care
0 Settings
0 Children
NO SOURCE GIVEN
Foster Care
150 Settings
63 Children
i
150 approved foster families, 63 children approved and placed in 47 families
Information provided via phone call with the Foster Care Program of the SBS, 14 April 2020
Kinship Care
0 Settings
0 Children
NO SOURCE GIVEN
0 Settings
0 Children
NO SOURCE GIVEN
Larger Institutions
146 Settings
3863 Children
i
146 (124 private and 22 public facilitiies) and 4,215 children
National Census of Residential Care Facilities, 2019
Transit Centres/Shelters
1 Settings
0 Children
Secretaría de Bienestar Social de la Presidencia
0 Settings
0 Children
NO SOURCE GIVEN
Adoption
NO DATA AVAIABLE
Country
NO SOURCE GIVEN
115
children
Domestic Adoption
Information provided via phone call with the CNA, 28 September 2020
i
From Jan-Sept 2020. 53 completed and 62 in process.
--
children
Inter-country Adoption
NO SOURCE GIVEN
i
Moratorium on intercountry adoption since 2008
NO DATA AVAIABLE
Effective
NO SOURCE GIVEN
Key Reform Indicators/Progress Markers
Country
NO SOURCE GIVEN
Effective
NO SOURCE GIVEN
%
6.9
Social Welfare Spending
Ministry of Finance
i
Government spend on social welfare is 6.9% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
%
3.48
Child Welfare Spending
Instituto Centroamericano de Estudios Fiscales
i
Government spend on child welfare is 3.48% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
%
0.08
Child Protection Spending
Child Fund. Guatemala: 10 años de inversión en niñez y adolescencia
i
Government spend on child protection is 0.08% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
Alternative Care Policy in line with the 2009 Guidelines
No
NO SOURCE GIVEN
i
Como “política pública” no existe pero sí existen mecanismos legales aplicables, como la Ley de Adopciones y el Acuerdo de la SBS que crea el programa de Familias de Acogimiento Temporal.
Commitment to Deinstitutionalistion/Reforms
Partly
Consejo Nacional de Adopciones (CNA), 2018; Child Frontiers, 2012
i
1. Plan piloto de desinstitucionalización (DI) en Chimaltenago
2. Comisión Nacional de DI (Plan de DI OJ y PGN)
3. Buckner with DCOF funds had a deinstitutionalization (DI) project focused on children under three years of age.
4. Holt International had a DI program in 2008-10 with GHR funds.
Comprehensive child protection law
Yes
Ley de Protección Integral de la Niñez y Adolescencia, 2003
Continuum of alternative care services available
Partly
NO SOURCE GIVEN
i
Kinship care readily used but informally, foster care exists but very limited
Data System
Limited
NO SOURCE GIVEN
i
Each government body has some type of data collection system but nothing centralized. Changing the Way We Care (CTWWC) has done an internal report on this.
Existence of a regulatory body and regulatory system
Partly
NO SOURCE GIVEN
i
Does not exist; CNA has oversight and responsibility to register private residential care facilities. Four different government bodies have mandates for different roles and responsibilities of the child protection system: Judiciary, Attorney General, Secretariat for Social Welfare and National Adoption Council.
Gatekeeping mechanism/policy
Partly
Reglamento de la Procuraduría de Niñez y Adolescencia 56-2018
Means of tracking progress with reforms
Yes
Care System Assessment completed in 2020 and will be used as a baseline
i
Using the Care System Assessment to be finalized
Moratorium on admission into institutions for children under 3
No
NO SOURCE GIVEN
Moratorium on new institutions
No
NO SOURCE GIVEN
National Action Plan
No
NO SOURCE GIVEN
National Standards of Care
Limited
Standards for Residential Care, Consejo Nacional de Adopciones (CNA)
i
There are 15 standards in CNA
Prevention of Separation Services available
No
NO SOURCE GIVEN
i
Programa de Madres en Conflicto con su Maternidad del Consejo Nacional de Adopciones
Support for careleavers (in legislation and in practice)
No
NO SOURCE GIVEN
Legislation Governing Children's Care
Yes
Social Work Force
Key Stakeholders
Country
Government
i
Formulación, coordinación y ejecución de las Políticas Públicas de Protección Integral de la Niñez y Adolescencia // Formulate, coordinate and execute public policy as it relates to child protection
i
Representar legalmente a los NNA Ley de Protección de Niñez y Adolescencia, Decreto 27-2003. Artículo 108 // Legal representative of children and adolescents as per Decree 27-2003, Article 108
i
Garantiza los derechos de los NNA en el Proceso de Protección Ley de Protección de Niñez y Adolescencia, Decreto 27-2003. Artículo 103 // Guarantor of children's rights in child protection cases as per Decree 27-2003, Article 103
i
Responsable de reestablecer los derechos de NNA a desarrollarse integralmente en un ambiente permanente a través de la preservación en su familia biológica o la integración en una familia adoptiva Ley de Adopciones, Decreto 77.2017 // Responsible for all matters concerning adoption and oversight of private residential care homes as per the Adoption Law.
i
Responsable de dotar de servicios básicos orientados a mejorar las condiciones de vida de los NNA // Responsible for the provision of basic services to children with the aim of improving life conditions.
i
Facilitar que los estudiantes construyan aprendizajes pertinentes a su contexto sociocultural y relevantes al desarrollo psicobiosocial. // Responsible for the provision of education to all children.
i
Le corresponde formular las políticas y hacer cumplir el régimen jurídico relativo a la salud // Responsible for formulating and executing public policy related to public health
Civil Society Organisations
i
Christian-based network of protection homes
i
Private NGO serving female victims of trafficking,. Strong advocacy presence
i
Network for the articulation of efforts of 11 Non-Governmental Organizations committed to the defense, promotion and protection of the Rights of Girls, Boys and Adolescents
i
Non-profit association dedicated to the care, protection and guarantee of the human rights of children and adolescents.
i
Faith based organization providing temporary care for young women but also providing reintegration services
i
Provider of residential care
i
Faith-based provider of care.
i
Global NGO expert on child health, education and protection
Effective
Other Relevant Reforms
Effective
NO SOURCE GIVEN
Child Protection
i
--
Iniciativa de Ley No. 52-85 Congreso de la República de Guatemala
Decentralisation
i
--
Iniciativa de Ley No. 52-85 Congreso de la República de Guatemala
Migration
i
--
Código de Migración, Decreto 44-2006
--
Ley de Educacion Especial 59-2007
Key Research Sources
Country
Reglamento de la Procuraduría de la Niñez y la Adolescencia de la Procuraduría General de la Nación
08 May 2018
Effective
Drivers of Institutionalisation
Country
Push Factors
"Risego Social" (Social Risk)
i
From the National Census of Residential Care Facilities, 2019. These are the top ten reasons for placement found in the children's files. "Riesgo social" is open to interpretation but often is a "catch all" for poverty or violence.
Neglect
i
From the National Census of Residential Care Facilities, 2019. These are the top ten reasons for placement found in the children's files.
Sexual Abuse
i
From the National Census of Residential Care Facilities, 2019. These are the top ten reasons for placement found in the children's files.
Abandonment
i
From the National Census of Residential Care Facilities, 2019. These are the top ten reasons for placement found in the children's files.
Family and Economic Situation
i
From the National Census of Residential Care Facilities, 2019. These are the top ten reasons for placement found in the children's files.
Violation of Rights
i
From the National Census of Residential Care Facilities, 2019. These are the top ten reasons for placement found in the children's files.
Orphanhood
i
From the National Census of Residential Care Facilities, 2019. These are the top ten reasons for placement found in the children's files.
Maltreatment
i
From the National Census of Residential Care Facilities, 2019. These are the top ten reasons for placement found in the children's files.
Violence
i
From the National Census of Residential Care Facilities, 2019. These are the top ten reasons for placement found in the children's files.
"Convenio" (Agreement)
i
From the National Census of Residential Care Facilities, 2019. These are the top ten reasons for placement found in the children's files.
Effective
Displaying 1 - 10 of 98
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