Foster Care | Better Care Network

Foster Care

The term “foster care” is used in a variety of ways, and, consequently, it often causes confusion and miscommunication. In the industrialized world it is generally used to refer to formal, temporary placements made by the State with families that are trained, monitored and compensated at some level. In many developing countries, however, fostering is kinship care or other placement with a family, the objective(s) of which may include the care of the child, the child’s access to education, and/or the child’s doing some type of work for the foster family.

Such care is informal and unregulated by the State. Foster care can also be understood as formal care, typically provided by adults who are not related to the child, but may include formalized kinship care. It is usually for a limited period until the child can return home or move into a more permanent placement such as adoption.

In emergency situations, such as armed conflict, informal fostering often occurs spontaneously when a family takes in an unaccompanied child. Also, in some emergency situations, agencies have organized a quasi-formal type of foster care to ensure immediate, family-based care for unaccompanied children. Such foster care should be formally arranged by the local authority or child protection organisation and include assessing each child’s best interests; screening, training, and monitoring of caretakers; and planning for the longer term needs of each child.

Foster care can provide the advantages of family-based care within a child’s own community. In some situations, particularly spontaneous care initiated during an emergency, it can become de facto adoption in settings where State child protection services and formalization of care arrangements are very limited or do not exist.

Foster care plays an important role in a situation where a child’s own family is not providing adequately for his or her care. It can provide protection and care for the child while the family situation is improved, with the eventual aim of family reunification.

It is vital that children are provided opportunities to express their wishes and concerns regarding with whom they live and have contact. The appointment of a legal guardian is a means of ensuring their opinions are taken into account.

Foster caretakers often receive support to meet the child’s needs and prevent placement breakdown. This may include parenting guidance and access to basic services for the child. Payment for care requires thoughtful consideration and should not encourage the separation of children from their families, or the use of a child for financial gain. All placements should be regulated to ensure the standards of care protect the child and encourage her development.

This body of literature provides examples from around the world of spontaneous, informal and formal fostering. It includes guidance on standards of care and child care policy.

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IFCO Addenda to Foster Care Guidelines

K. Siroka, 2002

Brief guidelines on assessing and training foster carers, and supporting children in foster care placements.

Institutions vs. Foster Homes: The Empirical Base for a Century of Action

Richard P. Barth , 2002

A review of institutional care and family-centered care with a discussion of both positive and negative aspects of group care. This review paper is primarily focused on showing the inefficacy of group care and recommending other forms of care such as kinship care and even foster care as options that are more cost effective and better for children’s development.

Guidelines for Liberian Separated Children in Alternative Care

International Rescue Committee, Save the Children UK, UNICEF, and UNHCR, 2002

Guidelines and criteria for establishing and monitoring alternative care arrangements including emergency transit booth care (ETBC), foster care, and independent living for separated Liberian refugee children in Sierra Leone.

England and Wales: National Minimum Standards for Fostering Services

Department of Health, UK , 2002

A set of standards for the delivery of a national fostering service. It includes standards for the management of the service, the delivery of care, reunification with birth families, and working with caregivers.

Completing the Evaluation Triangle for the Next Century: Measuring Child “Well-Being” in Family Foster Care

James P. Gleeson, Altshuler Sandra J. - Family Foster Care in the Next Century, 30 Mar 2001

This article, a chapter in the book Family Foster Care in the Next Century, describes how child well-being has been conceptualized and measured in research on family foster care, and discusses the essential dimensions that should be included in a useful measure of child well-being.

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Family Foster Care in the Next Century

Kathy Barbell, Lois Wright, 30 Mar 2001

The central theme of this volume is accountability for outcomes, certainly a current driving force in child welfare as well as in other public and private service fields.

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Shared Family Care: Providing Services to Parents and Children Placed Together in Out-of-Home Care

Price Amy, Richard P. Barth - Family Foster Care in the Next Century, 30 Mar 2001

This article, a chapter from the book Family Foster Care in the Next Century, describes several innovative types of shared family care arrangements that demonstrate promise in the protection of children and the promotion of family well-being.

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Group Care and Fostering of Sudanese Children in Pignudu and Kakuma Refugee Camps: The Experience of Save the Children Sweden from 1990 to 1997.

Alebel Derib, 2001

A case study that describes and analyzes Group care arrangements and the fostering program (“Family Attachment”) in the refugee camps in Pignudo (Ethiopia) and Kakuma (Kenya). This study includes the evaluation done on the Family Attachment program in Kakuma refugee camps which assessed it’s weaknesses and strengths.

The Rwandan experience of fostering separated children

Giorgia Doná - Save the Children, 2001

This study, commissioned by UNICEF, examines formal fostering policy and practice from the point of view of the Rwandan government and fostering agencies, and explores the perceptions of fostering of children, foster parents, local authorities and other members of local communities.

Networks of Support: A Literature Review of Care Issues for Separated Children

Gillian Mann , 2001

This report reviews existing the literature on separated children and examines childhood, family, childcare practices and separation. It highlights the importance of context and child participation in designing programs and policies to assist separated children.