Children Affected by Armed Conflict and Displacement

Children are especially vulnerable to the effects of war, and frequently represent at least half of the population in a conflict area. They suffer fear and insecurity, and disruption to every aspect of their lives. Children who have been displaced are at an increased risk of sexual and physical violence, disease and malnutrition, and separation from family members. As displaced persons or refugees they may experience severe poverty, abuse, exploitation, and psychosocial distress.

Children without parental care in conflict areas are highly vulnerable to abduction or other forms of recruitment by armed forces and groups. Such children may be used to fight, provide labour or be sexually exploited. Involvement in conflict may result in malnutrition, abuse, addiction to drugs, injury, psychosocial distress or death. While children associated with armed forces and groups make up a small minority of the total number of children affected by war, they are extremely vulnerable and in need of particular protection and care.

Opportunities to help children who have been associated with fighting forces may begin with their escape, capture or formal demobilization. Some may be able immediately to reunite with family members, but others may need interim care during tracing. While children may be readily accepted by their family and community, others risk rejection. Family mediation and community sensitization is needed to support family reunification and community integration. Ongoing monitoring, family support services, and placement planning is necessary where children are not reunited with one or both parents or where family and community acceptance is uncertain.

Community action to protect and support war affected children should be inclusive and not limited to children formally associated with armed forces or any one group of children. National efforts should focus on the reestablishment of essential services, particularly in the areas of security, health and education.

While this section contains resources relevant for all children in conflict affected areas, it focuses on children without parental care, including refugees and displaced children, and children associated with armed forces and groups. It includes information on demobilisation, family reunification and community reintegration.

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The Care and Protection of Children Affected by Armed Conflict and Disasters

David K Tolfree, 2003

Overview of a research study which provides guidelines for care of separated children in large-scale emergencies, focusing on the negative impact of residential care, extended family care, spontaneous and agency fostering, adoption, and alternative placements for adolescents.

The Protection Survey

Simon Bagshaw and Diane Paul, 2003

Report of a field-based study of international protection for internally displaced persons. Presents conclusions and recommendations for policy.

Community-Based Reunification and Reintegration of Separated Children in Post-Conflict Rwanda

Brigette De Lay, 31 Dec 2002

Programmatic methodology and key steps for reintegrating institutionalized children back into the community in a post-conflict environment. Contains comprehensive assessment toolkit in document annex.

Adult Wars, Child Soldiers: Voices of Children Involved in Armed Conflict in the East Asia and Pacific Region

UNICEF, 2002

A qualitative evaluation of child soldiering in the East Asia and Pacific region based on accounts of current and former child soldiers. Includes comprehensive guidelines for interviewing children about their experiences with child soldiering.

Lives Apart: Family Separation and Alternative Care Arrangements during El Salvador's Civil War

Ralph Sprenkels, 2002

This report details the situation of disappearing children during the El Salvadorian civil war. It describes the process of tracing and reunifying children with their families, as well as alternative care arrangements for separated children.

HIV and Children Affected by Armed Conflict: A UNICEF Fact Sheet

UNICEF, 2002

Outlines links between HIV/AIDS and armed conflict, with emphasis on their joint impacts on children. Summarizes key priorities for dealing with HIV/AIDS, children, and conflict.

Addressing Gender Issues in Demobilization and Reintegration Programs

Nathalie de Watteville, 2002

Discusses the needs of women and girls during demobilization and reintegration programs and aims to identify strategized that minimize gender discrimination. Includes detailed recommendations and gender-sensitive suggestions for questionnaires.

http://www.crin.org/docs/Addressing_Gender_Issues.pdf

A Survey of Programs on the Reintegration of Former Child Soldiers

William Deng Deng, 2001

Outlines national efforts to disarm, demobilize, and reintegrate former child soldiers with respect to specific political contexts. Includes lessons learned, future challenges, and recommendations.

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Foundations: Child and Adolescent Development: Resource Pack

Action for the Rights of Children, 2001

Resource pack for a course in child and adolescent development. Emphasis on identifying threats to childhood development and strategies to promote development in adverse conditions. Includes facilitators notes, participatory exercises, overheads, and handouts.

The Rwandan Experience of Fostering Separated Children

Giorgia Dona, 2001

A report about a case-study in Rwanda documenting the practice of, and policies regarding, fostering (formal and informal). The study also explored the views of children in foster care, caretakers, agencies and local authorities regarding fostering.