In this chapter children’s rights and state obligations in relation to alternative care are presented, with reference to the UN Alternative Care Guidelines and the general comments and concluding observations of the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child.

This chapter elaborates on the specifics of these two limbs of Article 37 Convention on the Rights of the Child, the core human rights provision for the protection of children deprived of liberty.

The authors of this study decided to perform two investigations to determine if university students with left-behind experience (USWL) might possess unique positive psychological capital factors.

The present study has thoroughly examined the experiences and perspectives of left-behind children of migrant mothers in Addis Ababa and Sinana district.

This paper is a national snapshot of Australian statutory child protection services.

This paper focuses on youngsters’ experiences of continuity in relation to youth-care services.

This Manual sets the minimum standards and policies for the protection and care of unaccompanied and separated children (UASC) within a foster care arrangement in Malaysia.

This chapter from South African Child Gauge 2018 describes the demographics of children's household living arrangements in South Africa, including details on orphaned children.

This study examined variability in problem behavior among toddlers entering new foster care placements and identified related child and parenting characteristics.

The aim of this study was to improve the mean time to initial foster care evaluation (TIE) from 32 to <7 days within 12 months for children in FC in Durham County, North Carolina.

The current study, based on the reports of a random cluster sample of 1236 adolescents in grades 8 to 12 residing in Israeli educational RCSs for youth from underprivileged backgrounds, examined the contribution of informal grandparental support to the life satisfaction of adolescents in residential care settings (RCSs).

The aims of this paper are to: summarise what we know from Australian research about cultural considerations for children and young people in care; assess the quality of the evidence base; and identify future research needs.

In this paper, the authors commence by discussing the over-representation of infants in child protection services in Australia, the vulnerability of infants and infancy as a foundational developmental stage for later outcomes.

This study investigated the impact of parental migration on nutritional disorders of left-behind children (LBC) in Bangladesh.

This phenomenological study focused on the experiences, aspirations, and fears of orphaned children living in and outside the orphanage in the Philippines.

The aim of this study from Primary Health Care Research & Development was to examine the effects and gender dimensions of providing voluntary, community-based, care-related labour for children affected by AIDS.

This thirteenth issue of the South African Child Gauge® focuses on children in relation to families and the state, both of which are central to providing for children and supporting their development.

In this paper, the authors review Australian research investigating the outcomes for children and young people who are currently in care (i.e., the short-term outcomes for children).

The present report builds on prior research by examining outcomes from the third interview wave of the California Youth Transitions to Adulthood Study (CalYOUTH), which took place when study participants were 21 years old or older.

This book offers a comprehensive overview of the newest contributions to the literature on leaving care in relation to theory, in addition to the Theory of Emerging Adulthood, while also featuring cutting-edge research and best practices that support adjustment across a range of domains for this population.

This chapter from the book Leaving Care and the Transition to Adulthood explores progress towards realizing the rights of young people in and leaving out of home care in Australia, Sweden and the UK.

This comprehensive narrative review identifies the use of motivational interviewing (MI) in child welfare (CW), the outcomes of MI use and the gaps in the literature.

Grounded in the framework of positive youth development (PYD), this study was designed to examine how ecological assets (i.e., neighborhood social cohesion and trusting relationships with caregivers) and individual strength (i.e., resilience) predict subjective well‐being among left‐behind children.

Using data from age 3 of the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study, the current study explores the complex relationships between U.S. childcare subsidies and neglect.

Using a qualitative research design, 28 Practitioners’ and parents’ narratives on the perception and causes of child neglect were explored.

This video from the Thomson Reuters Foundation Trust Conference 2018 highlights the "actions" that participants can take to address the issues presented at the conference, particularly actions related to ending orphanage trafficking.

A panel event on orphanage trafficking was held at Thomson Reuters Foundation's Trust Conference 2018 on 14 November 2018. This video captures the discussions of that event, including a statement from one young care leaver from Nepal who told her story of being institutionalized in the country.

To better understand how and for whom parenting intervention may improve family outcomes in child welfare services, the authors examined whether parents’ own history of child abuse moderated the indirect effects of the Promoting First Relationships® (PFR) intervention on toddlers’ secure base behavior via parental sensitivity.

This study contributes to the emerging body of South African literature on care leaving, as it explores the future selves and resilience factors of young people who are still in residential care and who are about to exit the statutory system.

This is an exploratory study focused on open adoptions from foster care conducted through the public child protection agency in New South Wales, Australia.

The current study examined placement, carer, and child characteristics related to perceived foster parent stress in a sample of 158 foster and kin carers in Queensland, Australia.

This paper presents findings on the previous life experiences of an entire cohort of ‘difficult to place’ adoptees who were placed in Australia over 26 years.

This book explores how humanitarian interventions for children in difficult circumstances engage in affective commodification of disadvantaged childhoods.

This Annie E. Casey Foundation brief, which utilizes the most comprehensive data set ever collected across all 50 states of the US, fills in key details about the lives of young people who have experienced foster care.

This report summarizes research findings on the impact of the Sinovuyo Teen Parenting programme piloted in the Eastern Cape, South Africa, between November 2014 and September 2016.

This synthesis report, ‘Families, Family Policy and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): Key Findings’ explores how the role of families, and family policies from around the world, can contribute to meeting the SDG targets.

This article examines Australia's 'Child Protection (Working with Children) Act 2012' ('the Act') and recent changes.

This article explores the guardian ad litem (GAL) perspective on the main components of interprofessional collaboration (IPC).

This paper brings to fore the need to compile an accurate and comprehensive database for children living in institutional care in India.

This is a small-scale study examining the experiences of Aged-Out Unaccompanied Minors (UAMs) who transition from foster care into Direct Provision (DP) in Ireland.

This Comment argues that the Adoption Assistance and Child Welfare Act (CWA) creates an enforceable right to foster care maintenance payments under § 1983 by analyzing the CWA's text and structure and by drawing on the context of the Act's enactment and subsequent legislative history.

The chapter describes the rationale, research support, and techniques that support the application of parent–child interaction therapy (PCIT) to American Indian families.

This chapter provides updated information about the use of parent–child interaction therapy (PCIT) with young children who have experienced maltreatment.

This report is the evaluation of the pilot partnership agreement between Police Scotland and local authorities, for responses to children and young people missing from foster and residential care.

This article outlines an approach to assessing the quality of relationships between young foster children and their carers.

This article focuses on a central problem of foster care, which is that it is often not developmentally informed.

This report has two aims: (1) examine how well African governments are delivering on their promises and commitments to children and (2) provide a comprehensive, quantitative and qualitative view of the current realities and trends in the state of child wellbeing in Africa, and their implications for the future.

This volume examines typical and atypical development from birth to the preschool years and identifies what works in helping children and families at risk.

The objective of this article is to present a portrait of the baby factory phenomenon in Nigeria. The precipitating factors that fuel the trade are discussed, and suggestions for an enduring approach to combat this crime are offered.

This article examines family‐based interventions designed to increase parenting effectiveness, fathers' positive involvement, and couple relationship quality, all with the goal of enhancing children's development.

This paper presents the results of a national survey describing Maternal and child protection services (“PMI”) home visitation services and their local implantation in France.

Through a qualitative survey, this study aimed at evaluating the effect of the implementation of the French Ministry of Health's PRADO program over the Maternal and child protection services (“PMI”) structure and home visitation intervention.

The objective of this article was to report data across five public mother–baby units in Australia in order to explore similarities and distinguishing features of each model.

This report presents findings from a research project to (1) address the knowledge gap on children who are unaccompanied immigrants1 (“CUI”), with its focus on the Chicago metropolitan area, and (2) provide relevant information to stakeholders who can strengthen the systems that support these young people.

Scholarship on transnational families has regularly examined remittances that adults abroad send to children in their country of origin. This article illuminates another permutation of these processes: family members in Senegal who establish relations with and through children in France through gifts and money.

Abstract

This paper from Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development Volume 76, Issue 4 proposes a number of key components for translating research into policy and programs: analyzing the situation, using evidence to build the case for action, developing policies, building program capacity in child welfare and early childhood development, creating a family‐based child welfare system, and developing a system of monitoring and accountability.

Utilizing the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child and the Guidelines for the Alternative Care of Children, this paper from Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development Volume 76, Issue 4 examines critical components and current characteristics of alternative care for children in low‐resource countries.

This chapter from Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development Volume 76, Issue 4 reviews sensitive periods in human brain development based on the literature on children raised in institutions.

This chapter from Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development Volume 76, Issue 4 reviews the neurobiological literature on early institutionalization that may account for the psychological and neurological sequelae discussed in other chapters in this volume.

Children within institutional care settings experience significant global growth suppression, which is more profound in children with a higher baseline risk of growth impairment (e.g., low birth weight [LBW] infants and children exposed to alcohol in utero), according to this chapter from Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development Volume 76, Issue 4.

Attachment has been assessed in the extreme environment of orphanages, but an important issue to be addressed in this chapter of Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development Volume 76, Issue 4  is whether in addition to standard assessment procedures, such as the Strange Situation, the lack of a specific attachment in some institutionalized children should be taken into account given the limits to the development of stable relationships in institutionalized care.

This chapter from Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development Volume 76, Issue 4 first presents a review of research on the development of adopted children, focusing on meta‐analytic evidence and highlighting comparisons between adopted children with and without histories of early adversity.

This chapter of Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development Volume 76, Issue 4 is devoted to the analysis of the ill effects of early institutional experiences on resident children's development.

This monograph contains nine chapters that review and discuss the empirical literature on the development of children who have been deprived of their permanent parents

This monograph reviews literature pertaining to children without permanent parents.

This report reviews the faltering progress made in childcare reform across Central and Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union over the 15 years since the ‘orphanages’ of Romania were revealed to the world.

This briefing paper provides general background on the development of UK Government policies to support care leavers, and existing support available in key areas such as: social services; housing; education and training; health services; and the social security system.

This meta-analysis synthesized findings from existing evaluations to examine whether and to what extent Family Treatment Drug Courts (FTDCs) participants achieved better reunification and safety outcomes than non-participants.

The aim of the article is to describe the system of the substitute family care in the Czech Republic and to introduce a foster care as one of the institutes of the substitute family care.

In this article trajectories of child and youth transitions from institutional care are discussed.

The objective of  this article is to analyze the phenomenon of social risk families and its trends in Lithuania.

Utilizing case examples, this discussion paper examines foster care decisions that disrupt important child-caregiver relationships.

This paper discusses two key strategies detailing how “relationship-focused” and “trauma-informed” intervention practices, which form the basis of an Australian therapeutic program called Treatment and Care for Kids (TrACK), made a difference in the lives of highly traumatised children.

This manuscript relies on two studies to learn more about the experience of adolescent-aged foster youth who utilize long-term mental health services coordinated through A Home Within, a national nonprofit committed to reducing treatment barriers by asking licensed therapists to provide pro bono therapy “for as long as it takes.”

This study examines family structures and children's perceptions regarding family connectedness and perceived life satisfaction (LS) using a nationally representative U.S. sample of 926 students in grades 7–10.

This study explored the perceptions of experts and guardians regarding the early onset of misbehaviour in male, at-risk children in child and youth care centres in South Africa.

The paper articulates accomplishments of child and youth care centres in providing care and support to children identified to be at risk of significant harm in Soweto, South Africa.

This paper reviews the Healthy Young Minds (HYMs) program for looked after children in Tameside & Glossop, UK.

This report is one of several outputs arising from the project “Identifying and Preventing Abuse of Children with Mental Disabilities in Institutions.” The report presents findings from the monitoring of European institutions where children with intellectual disabilities and children with psychosocial disabilities live on a permanent or semi-permanent basis, through the development of tools and guidance aligned with international human rights law and policy.

This chapter explores the drivers behind the continued, and in some parts of the world, growing, institutionalization of children.

This study sought to determine the risk and prevalence of drug abuse among street children focusing on those in the car parks in the Gambia.

The purpose of this paper is to examine the importance of social support for foster parents, in regards to confidence and satisfaction, as well as perceived challenges with fostering.

The present systematic review examines the current literature on the association between out-of-home placement and offending behavior among youth with Child Protection Services maltreatment reports in the US.

The Treatment and Care for Kids (TrACK) program is a therapeutic home-based care program providing intensive intervention for children and young people with complex needs in Australia. The findings of this evaluation demonstrate that TrACK produces tangible and lasting results for children.

This thesis study aimed to explore what Looked After Children (LAC) value in their friendships in order to understand what support may help them gain the maximum benefits from these relationships.

This article presents and discusses three examples of relational processes in music therapy collaborations with adolescents in care of child welfare services.

This anecdotal story features professional and personal reflections and vignettes on the music therapy journey with a very withdrawn and isolated young boy at a place of safety in Cape Town, South Africa.

This editorial introduces the Voices Special Issue on Music Therapy and Child Welfare.

This article is a clinical introspection to the research, theory, and practice in working with youth who have experienced foster care and/or adoption. It is part of the Voices Special Issue on Music Therapy Child Welfare.

Despite a growing interest in music therapy within child welfare practice, music therapy practices within these contexts are still under-researched in Norway. The present study takes a collaborative community music therapy practice as its point of departure.

In this systematic literature review, the authors explore the career development experiences of children and youth in care and their experiences following emancipation from care into independent living.

Inquiries into historical institutional abuse have only recently come to be viewed through the lens of transitional justice. This article argues that their distinctive victim-focused approach disguises a reality that institutions in which violence was endemic blurred the line between victims and ‘perpetrators.’

To illustrate design and implementation of the Strategies for Enhancing Early Developmental Success (SEEDS) Preschool Program, aimed at promoting school readiness in families connected to the child welfare system, the current paper uses parent- and teacher-reported data to summarize the progress of three participating families with diverse histories and presenting issues.

Based on empirical studies of 5836 children in six provinces of China's Mid-Western regions, this paper contributes to existing knowledge by analyzing the severity, consequences and risk factors of child abuse.

In this paper, the urgent need to strengthen the child protection system in India is presented in the context of the Integrated Child Protection Scheme and relevant juvenile justice legislation.

This poster presents the findings of an assessment of two Family Care projects in Uganda that implemented savings groups as part of integrated family and economic strengthening interventions with families at-risk of a child separating.