This brief reference surveys the national policy of three representative African countries on the legal guardianship of children who are without parents or families.

This chapter looks at what the international law instruments recommend regarding the appointment of legal guardians. It provides an audit of the instruments which are applicable to the regulation of the appointment of legal guardians for children both at the global and regional levels.

The researchers in this study conducted formative research on mental health issues and HIV/STI risk behavior in Kasarani, a large slum in Nairobi, to guide the development of future interventions.

This study analyzes the opinions of foster families and social workers regarding the benefits and problems associated with contact visits.

In this paper, the authors examine the reunification patterns of children left‐behind by parents who migrated to France and Spain in order to understand whether children from standard two‐parent families differ in their chances of joining their migrant parents in the destination country compared to children in non‐standard families (single parent and blended families), as well as the potential role of immigration policies on these chances.

The aim of this research is to examine the relation between school attachment and school achievement and foster care placement.

This study evaluated the implementation of Trauma-systems Therapy-Foster Care (TST-FC) in two state child welfare agencies that included training for staff and resource parents.

 In August 2016, Anglicare Victoria established the Home Stretch campaign to lobby all States and Territories to extend the transition from state out of home care (leaving care) age from 18 till at least 21 years.

The purpose of this paper is to explore the reasons for unintended placement disruptions in foster care.

This study was conducted to determine if adolescent mothers who were in the care of child protection services (CPS) when they gave birth to their first child are more likely to have that child taken into CPS care before the child’s second birthday than adolescent mothers who were not in the care of CPS.

This report describes the research conducted in 2016 in Kiryandongo and Adjumani refugee settlements in Uganda, presenting a comparison of child protection system strength between 2014/5 and 2016, and child protection outcomes over the same time period.

This report presents the preliminary findings from an ongoing project undertaken by 4Children that seeks to identify key opportunities to incorporate violence prevention and response interventions within priority PEPFAR Program Areas at clinical and community levels.

This article discusses changes brought about by “Practice First,” a framework for practice introduced to improve the quality and effectiveness of child protection work in New South Wales, Australia.

This article presents evidence for innovative service models from within and outside of the parenting literature that provide support to individuals and families in communities of poverty, highlighting aspects of service models that align with the needs of high poverty families.

This study explores findings of a population-based approach to measure the prevalence of unaccompanied and separated children (UASC) during the Hurricane Matthew aftermath in Haiti.

This study analyzed the impact of a novel child day-care program on children's quality of life, adjustment and development, and explored the moderating role of different child and family dimensions on the program's impact.

This document from the Agency for Statistics of Bosnia and Herzegovina provides an overview and assessment of the alternative care system in the country.

This document from the National Statistical Service of the Republic of Armenia provides an overview and assessment of the alternative care system in the country.

This report is prepared within the MONEE project of UNICEF Regional Office for CEE/CIS. It provides an overview of alternative care in Azerbaijan.

This report is prepared within the MONEE project of UNICEF Regional Office for CEE/CIS. It provides an overview of alternative care in Armenia.

The current study uses a culturally and contextually modified early adolescent version of the Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment Inventory (EA-HOME-JP) in Japanese child welfare institutions (CWIs) to provide preliminary data on relevant variables in the caregiving environment that associate with domains of perceived self-competency.

The aim of this study was to explore factors affecting the wellbeing of institutionalized orphaned children in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

The purpose of this study was to investigate how orphans in secondary schools, especially those in the low-income class in society, manage to continue their education.

This study and documentation of existing reintegration and alternative family care services in Cambodia was designed to build the capacity of existing service providers to take emerging good practice to scale as an increased number of residential care institutions transition.

Family Care First (FCF) supported the study and documentation of existing reintegration and alternative family care services provided by seven implementing partners in Cambodia. This brief includes an outline of key findings of the study and concludes with recommendations based on those findings.

This Statistical First Release (SFR) provides information about looked after children in England for the year ending 31 March 2017, including where they are placed, their legal status, the numbers starting and ceasing to be looked after, and the numbers who go missing or are away from their placement without authorisation.

This study aims to facilitate further identification of the consequences of parental burnout for the parents themselves, their spouses and their child(ren).

This report is based on in-depth interviews with migrant children and parents, real estate and construction companies, government Ministries, and NGOs. It explores the challenges faced by children living in construction site camps, and suggests solutions that can be scaled to foster social responsibility within Thailand’s construction sector.

This study is the first randomized controlled trial design to rigorously test the effectiveness of a parenting program on reducing the risk of child maltreatment in sub-Saharan Africa using both observational and self-report assessments.

The Nurturing Care Framework provides an evidence-based road map for action and outlines how policies and services can support parents, families, other caregivers and communities in providing nurturing care for young children.

The series is designed for communities wishing to support children in need and their caregivers. It includes a facilitator training guide and community implementation guide, as well as guides on protecting children from trafficking and abuse.

This paper serves to illustrate challenges in research on care-leavers and the various ways that research results can be interpreted by drawing on data from a study being conducted in a residential care programme in South Africa.

The current study addressed gaps in research on early out of home care and permanency planning through a comparison of two samples of children in Scotland: 110 children born in 2003, and 117 born in 2013, all of whom were placed under compulsory measures of supervision prior to three years of age.

A 2016 survey was commissioned by the Scottish Government to inform the Child Protection Improvement Programme and the Neglect Improvement Pilot. This report presents the findings and analysis from the survey, including achievements and challenges in providing child protection services.

This Briefing Note adds to the developing picture of adoption support issues by analysing data on 20 children and young people consecutively referred to the special adoption and fostering service at the Maudsley – a wellrespected and established national CAMHS service.

This article looks at the interaction between transnational family relationships, on the one hand, and family-related immigration policies, on the other.

The study intended to assess, based on the perceptions of Victim-Friendly Court (VFC) professionals in Marondera District in Zimbabwe, how the presence of the VFC and relevant child protection policy and legal frameworks has affected the management of Intrafamilial Child Sexual Abuse (ICSA) in Zimbabwe.

The present study tries investigating and comparing the psychological health status, emotions and cognitive transformation of the children held in foster centers associated with Yazd Province’s Welfare Organization with those of the ordinary children.

This study examined data from five cycles over twenty years of Ontario Incidence Studies (-1993, -1998, -2003, -2008, -2013) to provide a profile of child welfare workers.

Based on a large‐scale longitudinal study from Norway, this article examines early school leaving between ethnic minority groups and the ethnic majority in the child welfare population.

This publication is inspired by personal stories and inspiring messages that capture achievements in child protection around the world.

The objective of this study was to estimate the influence of out-of-home care on reading scores, attendance, and suspensions by comparing a matched sample of maltreated children who entered out-of-home care and maltreated children who remained at home.

The current service-data study explored the emotional and behavioural symptom trajectories of 207 young people under the long-term care of a local authority in the South West of England, over their first five years in the care system.

This article examines the care experiences of former looked‐after children from a residential care setting in South Africa.

The article presents the results of an empirical pilot study carried out on a sample of 24 child protection social workers employed in four public agencies in Italy.

This article reviews recent evidence from a range of disciplines to inform efforts to adapt to changes in the global political environment, trends in armed conflict and displacement, and advances in science and technology, especially as they relate to the protection of children.

The participants of the Continental Conference on Access to Justice for Children in Africa titled “Spotlighting the Invisible”, held in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia from 8 - 9 May 2018, following up on the 2011 Kampala Conference and its outcomes, have issued a Call to Action "recognizing the adverse and lasting impact that gaps in access to justice have on children in Africa."

This paper presents the results of a qualitative study based on in‐depth interviews and participant observation in 3 Norwegian family centres.

This article describes what could be learned from a project focused on monitoring the living group climate in a residential youth care service in Flanders, Belgium.

This study compared the histories, circumstances and pathways of children receiving quasi-compulsory home-based support (under a child protection plan) to those for children ever placed in out of home care.

This study sought to understand parents' experiences of the supports and barriers to engagement in an evidence‐based parenting intervention (EBPI).

This multimethod qualitative study in 4 high‐migration communities in East Lombok, Indonesia, explored the strategic actions migrant parents take regarding birth registration.

This article presents qualitative data from interviews with 46 welfare and justice professionals to examine the criminalisation of children who go missing within the Out‐Of‐Home‐Care (OOHC) residential environment.

This fact sheet provides an overview of the numbers of children in institutional care in Greece.

The Short-Term Missions: Guidance to Support Orphans and Vulnerable Children is a comprehensive resource that provides guidance and better practice standards for short-term missions to ensure positive outcomes for vulnerable children, their families, and their communities. 

This article looks at how the orphanage industry serves to tear families apart in order to ‘create orphans’, and argues that convincing foreign contributors to withdraw their support will be key to stopping the ‘orphanage industry’ from flourishing.

This video from Mtoto News features interviews with several experts in the field of children's care and protection who discuss the importance of deinstitutionalization, particularly in the Eastern and Southern Africa context, and efforts being made to reduce or end the institutionalization of children.

Using inter-agency action research in Sierra Leone, this chapter provides a case study on how a highly collaborative approach can enable child protection research to achieve a significant national impact.

This paper uses person-centered latent class analysis (LCA) methods to examine the relationship between different profiles of ACE exposures and divergent health trajectories amongst this high-risk population.

This study presents longitudinal analyses of the case flow of youth aged 3–17 in Washington State's foster care system, tracking rates of screening, scoring above or below clinical criteria cutoff scores, and service receipt.

The researchers in this study conducted a systematic review with the aim of developing a better understanding of the psychosocial factors associated with the behavioral health of children in foster and kinship care.

In this project, researchers provided foster parents with a trauma-informed, evidence-based parenting program (Incredible Years; IY) and assessed its impact on child behavior, foster parent stress and attitudes, and perceived effect on parenting.

The current study examined how to best facilitate a healthier professional relationship between case managers and foster families with the goal of identifying concrete ways to improve the relationship and drive foster parent retention.

The main focus of this article is on the effects of intrastate war and the reintegration of Liberian child soldiers into their families and former communities.

This current study aims to explore unintentional injury disparity among schooling left-behind children, migrant children and residential children in China, and to examine the risk factors of unintentional injury among the three types of children based on a multi-level system framework.

This case study tells the story of a child protection programme developed by a community-based organisation called Children of the World that works in villages in northern Uganda.

The paper aims to analyze the situation of children of Romanian migrants left at home in the care of a parent or other guardian (with or without legal forms).

The objective of this study was to assess the impact of voluntary participation in an established statewide home-visiting program for socially high-risk families on child maltreatment as identified by Child Protective Services (CPS). 

This Briefing Note outlines the priority areas for the Global Research Agenda, laid out by the Assessment, Measurement and Evidence (AME) Working Group of the Alliance for Child Protection in Humanitarian Action.

With the support community and academic partners, a school-based health center administered by a Federally Qualified Health Center developed a plan for outreach, systematic screening and referral to services for newcomer youth.

This study explores the views and experiences of 26 workers in the Republic of Ireland regarding relationship‐based practice.

The goal of this study was to explore the assets and pathways in pursuing the future goals of 25 care leavers in Israel.

The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility of evaluating movement of children into residential care following an emergency.

The current study examines the relationship between foster mothers' parenting stress and coparenting relationship quality, and the moderating influence of foster caregiver role support.

This study examined the sociodemographic determinants of child health support services provided to orphans and vulnerable children in Nigeria by employing a cross sectional research design utilizing secondary data obtained from the household recoded dataset of the 2013 Nigeria Demographic Health Survey (NDHS).

This article explores young people's experiences in the transition to adulthood from child welfare services and how Honneth's theory of recognition can be useful as an analytical tool to help us understand these experiences.

This review of the 91 English children's services departments with specific policies on bruising in premobile children found a major disjuncture between research evidence and its interpretation in guidance.

In this study, the researchers critically explore the narratives of six youth with ethnic minority backgrounds who had experienced out-of-home placements in Norway.

This study investigated the relationship between congenital conditions and post-adoption mental disorder diagnosis and treatment in 235 female youth who were adopted from China about 15 years prior.

This study is an outcome evaluation of Bay Area Youth Center's Real Alternatives for Adolescents (RAFA) transitional housing program in Hayward, California.

This exploratory study aimed to further the understanding of voluntary foster care placements, a topic on which there has been very little research and attention.

The purpose of this study is to (1) retrospectively characterize the specific implementation strategies employed to deliver a coordinated set of evidence-based screening and linkage practices to facilitate identification and treatment of early developmental and social-emotion problems; and (2) examine preliminary indicators of the impact of these strategies.

Using an intersectional framework, this study investigated whether race and gender alone or the intersection of race and gender predicted the educational attainment of 429 maltreated youth involved with the U.S. child welfare system.

The purpose of this study is to determine which factors associated with foster care agencies contribute to higher levels of foster carer satisfaction.

This paper explores practical and ethical dilemmas for professionals when securing the protection of children in the complex non‐clinical setting of individual families.

This research examines what a group of foster parents attending a state foster parent association conference felt they needed in the area of training, to help them fulfil their role.

This qualitative study examined caregivers' experiences with SafeCare®, an evidence‐based programme that focuses on child neglect through modules on health, safety, and parenting.

This paper adopts a qualitative case study on the generalist service delivery model of I‐Care, a Durban‐based non‐governmental organization that works with male street children.

This paper investigates young care leavers' expectations of their future after discharge from care.

A present study is aimed at evaluating changes of foster care adolescents' self-efficacy and psychological functioning during the solution-focused self-efficacy enhancement group intervention for adolescents.

The current study reports the findings of a three-wave longitudinal study wherein the researchers examined the development of school engagement and analyzed which factors were predictive of school engagement in a sample of 363 Dutch foster children.

The objectives of the study were to describe and study the extent of depression in adolescent boys and girls living in institutional homes and to study the association between depression and externalizing and Internalizing behaviors among adolescents in institutional homes.

The aim of the current study was to find out level of self-esteem and of depression in adolescents living in orphanage home and to see the differences in self-esteem and depression level in orphan children and children living with parents.

A desk review was conducted to examine the current gaps in investment related to care and treatment for children living with or affected by HIV.