Webinar: Why is tackling child poverty a pre-requisite to sustainably exit the crisis?

Eurochild

This webinar was part of Eurochild’s breakfast webinars to mark World Children’s Day 2020. The webinar looked at how the European Child Guarantee initiative can help address the growing challenge of child poverty, particularly the deepened economic divides that have resulted from the COVID-19 pandemic, and brought the perspective of the Spanish government, which has made the fight against child poverty a particular priority.

Putting children at the heart of Europe’s recovery: Eurochild’s breakfast webinars to mark World Children’s Day 2020

Eurochild

Eurochild, in partnership with its national members hosted a webinar series to bring a children’s rights perspective to Europe’s recovery. Questions addressed: What is an ‘economy of well-being’ & why & how does it prioritise children? Why is tackling child poverty a pre-requisite to sustainably exit the crisis? Why and how does protecting children’s rights strengthen our democracies?

Excluded from the Excluded: People with Intellectual Disabilities in (and out of) Official Development Assistance

Inclusion International

This report analyzes data available through the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Development Assistance Committee (DAC)’s Creditor Reporting System (CRS), which reveals that many mainstream development projects fail to include people with intellectual disabilities, including children. The report includes guidance for ensuring CRPD-compliant project funding, including examples of community living projects that align with the CRPD, such as supporting the transition of people with disabilities from institutions to independent living and providing training for families on supporting their children with disabilities at home.

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Inter-Sectoral Standard Operating Procedures for Child Protection and Family Welfare: Guidelines, Tools and Forms for Casework and Management

Ministry of Gender, Children and Social Protection, UNICEF

This Inter-Sectoral Standard Operating Procedure for child protection and family welfare (ISSOP) provides a harmonized framework of agreed standards, principles and procedures for all child protection and family welfare stakeholders in Ghana to understand each other’s roles and responsibilities.

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Capacity Building Strategy for Social Welfare Services Workforce

Ministry of Gender, Children and Social Protection, UNICEF

Based on social welfare workforce assessment, a long-term capacity building strategy was developed to assist the Government of Ghana - specifically the Ministry of Gender, Children and Social Protection (MoGCSP) and the Office of the Head of Local Government Service (OHLGS) - to strengthen its social welfare workforce in order to respond appropriately to the needs of vulnerable and marginalized children and other populations in the country.

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The 17th Civil Society Organizations to the African Charter on the Welfare and Rights of the Child Forum (CSO Forum): Children Without Parental Care

Mtoto News, Civil Society Forum to the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of Children

This webinar, a side event of the Civil Society Organizations (CSO) Forum organized by the African Committee of Experts on the Rights and Welfare of the Child, features a discussion of the challenges of alternative family and community-based care for children without parental care, with a particular focus on funding and coordination of services.

Guidelines for Deinstitutionalization of Residential Homes for Children (RHC): Transitioning to Family-Based Care in Ghana

Department of Social Welfare, UNICEF

This document is aimed at complementing the Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) for Licensing, Monitoring and Closure of Residential Homes for Children (RHC) by supporting the implementation of the closure of RHCs that have not been licensed or do not meet the standards in the SOPs.

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Census on Street Children in the Greater Accra Region, Ghana

Department of Social Welfare, Ricerca e Cooperazione, Catholic Action for Street Children, Street Girls Aid

The main objective of the Census was to create a database on Street Children that could be used as a platform to enable Government to design relevant policies and spearhead the delivery of services in partnership with NGOs, Civil Society Organisations (CSOs), Community Based Organisations (CBOs), families, communities and other stakeholders, to prevent and/or greatly reduce the phenomenon of Street Children in Ghana.

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Creating ‘Deep Knowledge’ and Transformative Change: A Critical Social Work Approach to Researching Formal Kinship Care

Juliette Borenstein, Margarita Frederico, Patricia McNamara - The British Journal of Social Work

The aim of this article is to demonstrate how critically oriented research can deliver useful and actionable knowledge directly to the field and promote transformative change.

Child Vulnerabilities And Family-Based Childcare Systems: COVID-19 Challenges Of Foster Care And Adoption In India

Ratna Verma and Rinku Verma - Institutionalised Children Explorations and Beyond

This article has been developed based on a systematic review of research studies conducted in the last 10 years on family-based childcare systems and a rapid review of research and assessments conducted in 2020 to explore the implications of the COVID-19 pandemic on adoption and foster care in India.

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Three conversation practices illuminating how children’s views and wishes are explored in care proceedings: An analysis of 22 children’s spokespersons’ accounts

MarieHatlelid Føleide - Children and Youth Services Review

This study consists of interviews with 22 children’s spokespersons in Norway. Study findings question whether children in care proceedings understand the invitation to voice their wishes as confined to matters relating to the proceedings.

Understanding wellbeing and caregiver commitment after adoption or guardianship from foster care

Kevin R. White, Nancy Rolock, Laura Marra, Monica Faulkner, Kerrie Ocasio & Rowena Fong - Journal of Public Child Welfare

This study explored data obtained from surveys of caregivers who had previously adopted or assumed guardianship of a child from foster care in two U.S. states. Descriptive analyses summarized the demographic and wellbeing characteristics of children and families, and multivariate regression models estimated the association between these variables and caregiver commitment.

Foster Care: How We Can, and Should, Do More for Maltreated Children

Sarah A. Font and Elizabeth T. Gershoff - Society for Research in Child Development Social Policy Report

In this report, the authors review how policy has shaped the experiences and outcomes of children in foster care in the U.S., where policy has succeeded, and where it falls short of achieving its goals. The authors then identify opportunities for U.S. federal and state policy to better support the safety, health, and well-being of children in foster care.

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The Statistical Analysis of the Academic Achievement of Young People Living in the Child Protection System

Ildikó Erdei, Karolina Eszter Kovács - Central European Journal of Educational Research

This research aims to explore the connections between the future orientation of disadvantaged young people living in residential care homes and foster families, by a comparative analysis of their study results.

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Early childhood intervention for children without parental care in Bosnia and Herzegovina: a feasibility study

Slavica Tutnjević and Jelena Vilendečić - Children and Youth Services Review

The purpose of this study was to test the feasibility of an intervention created to stimulate the development of children under the age of seven, living in an institution for children without parental care in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The aim of the intervention was to match each child with one volunteer, trained to deliver three hours per week of individually tailored, play-based activities, for a minimum of one year.

Call to Action: Building a rights-based child protection system in Ukraine, free from institutions

Hope and Homes for Children and Lumos

This call to action - issued by a coalition of child rights organisations including Hope and Homes for Children, Lumos, Eurochild, and SOS Children's Villages - calls on the Ukrainian government and the European Union to "act before it is too late to protect the rights and future of some of the most forgotten and left behind children."

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The ‘toxic trio’ (domestic violence, substance misuse and mental ill-health): How good is the evidence base?

Guy C. M. Skinner, Paul W. B. Bywaters, Andy Bilson, Robbie Duschinsky, Keith Clements, Dustin Hutchinson - Children and Youth Services Review

This article reports the results of a systematic review of evidence relevant to the relationship between the ‘toxic trio’ factors in combination and child maltreatment, identifying 20 papers.

“They’re not bad parents. They’ve just made bad choices.”: Mental health clinicians’ perspectives of parents involved with child protective services

Hana Yoo, Stefana Racorean, Victoria Barrows - Qualitative Social Work

The current study seeks to address the lack of literature including voices of mental health clinicians regarding their work and clients in the child welfare system by exploring clinicians’ views on the issue of child maltreatment and CPS-involved parents’ parenting.

Recurrent involvement with the Quebec child protection system for reasons of neglect: A longitudinal clinical population study

Tonino Esposito, Martin Chabot, Nico Trocmé, John D. Fluke, Ashleigh Delaye, et al - Child Abuse & Neglect

This study, the largest of its kind in Canada, examines when and for whom recurring conditions of neglect were most likely to occur for all children involved with child protection in the province of Quebec over a span of fifteen years.

Care leavers, ambiguous loss and early parenting: explaining high rates of pregnancy and parenting amongst young people transitioning from out-of-home care

Jade Purtell, Philip Mendes and Bernadette J. Saunders - Children Australia

This paper is a narrative review examining the high prevalence of care leaver early parenting in the context of (i) key transitions from care studies taken from the last few decades, (ii) a structured review using Scopus of studies from 2015–2020 focussed specifically on young people transitioning from care and early parenting and (iii) Boss’s (2010) Ambiguous Loss theory.

Family assistant in meanders of foster care – the perspective of working with the biological family of a child placed in foster care environment

Zmysłowska, Magdalena - Praca Socjalna

This article deals with the issues of family assistance from the perspective of working with the biological family of a child placed in foster care.

From Foster Youth to Foster Scholar: Suggestions for Emancipatory Research Practices

Angela E. Hoffman-Cooper - Children and Youth Services Review

This paper discusses how research related to youth with experience in foster care can be conducted in an emancipatory manner with researchers actively supporting the liberation of youth with experience in foster care through their scholarly contributions.

Bahasa Indonesia Translation - Disability rights during the pandemic: A global report on findings of the COVID-19 Disability Rights Monitor

Disability Rights Monitor

This report (translated into Bahasa Indonesia) has one central purpose: To raise the alarm globally as to the catastrophic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on persons with disabilities worldwide, including children with disabilities, and to catalyse urgent action in the weeks and months to come.

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Disability rights during the pandemic: A global report on findings of the COVID-19 Disability Rights Monitor

Disability Rights Monitor

This report has one central purpose: To raise the alarm globally as to the catastrophic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on persons with disabilities worldwide, including children with disabilities, and to catalyse urgent action in the weeks and months to come.

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Underrepresented Populations in the Child Welfare System: Asian American and Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander Populations

Rowena Fong and Georgina Petronella - Racial Disproportionality and Disparities in the Child Welfare System

This chapter from the book Racial Disproportionality and Disparities in the Child Welfare System explores disproportionality and disparities of Asian American and Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander in the child welfare system.

Children’s experiences of alternative care in mainland Southeast Asia – a scoping review of literature

Justin Rogers, Robert Whitelaw, Victor Karunan, Pryn Ketnim - Children and Youth Services Review

This scoping review focuses on available research articles that directly, or indirectly, engage with children to explore their experiences of living in Residential Care Settings (RCSs) in the Southeast Asia region.

The Community Impact of Racial Disproportionality: The Racial Geography of Child Welfare

Dorothy Roberts - Racial Disproportionality and Disparities in the Child Welfare System

The overrepresentation of black children in the foster care population represents massive state supervision and dissolution of families concentrated in their neighborhoods. This chapter from Racial Disproportionality and Disparities in the Child Welfare System addresses the social impact of this concentration of child welfare agency involvement on the residents who live in these neighborhoods.

“Essential” services, risk, and child protection in the time of COVID-19: An opportunity to prioritize chronic need

Johanna Caldwell, Ashleigh Delaye, Tonino Esposito, Tara Petti, Tara Black, Barbara Fallon, Nico Trocmé - Developmental Child Welfare

In this commentary, the authors suggest that a focus on short-term risk in the response to COVID-19 may obscure support for children’s long-term outcomes.

Child Welfare System Issues as Explanatory Factors for Racial Disproportionality and Disparities

Michele D. Hanna - Racial Disproportionality and Disparities in the Child Welfare System

This chapter from Racial Disproportionality and Disparities in the Child Welfare System focuses on the macro level exploring the child welfare system as an explanatory factor using a critical race theory lens.

Racial Disproportionality and Disparities Among African American Children in the Child Welfare System

Jessica Pryce and Anna Yelick - Racial Disproportionality and Disparities in the Child Welfare System

This chapter from Racial Disproportionality and Disparities in the Child Welfare System explores the factors contributing to the disproportionate number of Black children and families in the U.S. child welfare system.

Qualitative process evaluation of the Fostering Changes program for foster carers as part of the Confidence in Care randomized controlled trial

Susan Channon, Elinor Coulman, Gwenllian Moody, Lucy Brookes-Howell, Rebecca Cannings-John, et al - Child Abuse & Neglect

The purpose of this study was to conduct a qualitative process evaluation drawing on stakeholder perspectives to describe the logic model of Fostering Changes, identify potential mechanisms of impact of the program and enhance understanding of the trial results.

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Cluster randomized controlled trial (RCT) to support parental contact for children in out-of-home care

Aino Suomi, Nina Lucas, Morag McArthur, Cathy Humphreys, Timothy Dobbins, Stephanie Taplin - Child Abuse & Neglect

The aim of this cluster randomized controlled trial (RCT) was to test the effectiveness of a contact intervention for parents having supervised contact with children in long-term OOHC.

Restraint, seclusion and time-out among children and youth in group homes and residential treatment centers: a latent profile analysis

Alexandra Matte-Landry and Delphine Collin-Vézina - Child Abuse & Neglect

The purpose of this study was to enhance understanding of restrictive interventions in residential units as a means of improving professional practices involving children and youth in out-of-home care.

Assisting decisions in child protection service institutions with the RIC – The Risk Indication in Child sexual abuse

Brigitte C. Hansmann and Reinhard Eher - Child Abuse & Neglect

The RIC (Risk Indication in Child sexual abuse) and its screening version (RIC:SV) are actuarial risk assessment instruments, developed at the Austrian Federal Evaluation Centre for Violent and Sexual Offenders and designed for child protection services to assess the likelihood of sexual recidivism in male contact child sexual abusers who still or again live within a family including children.

Youth’s rights and mental health: The role of supportive relations in care

Eunice Magalhães, Maria Manuela Calheiros, Patrício Costa, Sofia Ferreira - Journal of Social and Personal Relationships

This study builds upon and enhances existing knowledge by exploring the moderating role of social support from educators in residential care and the association between perceived rights and psychological difficulties.

Child Maltreatment in the Time of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Proposed Global Framework on Research, Policy and Practice

Carmit Katz, Sidnei R. Priolo Filho, Jill Korbin, Annie Bérubé, Ansie Fouché, Sadiyya Haffejee, et al - Child Abuse & Neglect

The current paper aims to suggest a framework for risk and protective factors that need to be considered in child protection in its various domains of research, policy, and practice during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.

‘Discuss it with your legal guardian’: Challenges in practising care for young unaccompanied refugee minors

Guro Brokke Omland, Agnes Andenas, Nora Sveaass - Child & Family Social Work

Informed by developmental perspectives that consider young people's development through participation across contexts in everyday life and by research into how parents in ‘ordinary’ families organize care, the authors of this article developed a study based on interviews with 15 unaccompanied refugee minors and their professional caregivers at residential care institutions.

Young People and Parents' Views on Privacy and How This Affects Their Participation in the Children's Hearings System

Scottish Children's Reporter Administration and Who Cares? Scotland

In order to fully understand the relationship between privacy and confidentiality in the Children’s Hearings System, this research explored three broad questions: (1) How privacy and confidentiality impact on the participation of young people and their parents and carers in the Children’s Hearings System, (2) What is the relationship between advocacy and privacy and confidentiality, (3) And what solutions could be found to help young people and their parents and carers be heard and involved in decision making.

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Voluntary Accommodation of Infants, Children, and Young People in Scotland (Section 25): An initial exploration

Micky Anderson, Brandi Lee Lough Dennell, and Robert Porter - CELCIS

This report presents findings in relation to the purpose, frequency, and variation in the use of Section 25 orders in Scotland, which enable parents, supported by social workers, to voluntarily place their child to secure their safety, into the care of a local authority away from the parental home.

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Evaluation of Pause: Evaluation report

Janet Boddy, Susannah Bowyer, Rebecca Godar, Chris Hale, James Kearney, Oli Preston, Bella Wheeler, and Julie Wilkinson - UK Department for Education

This independent evaluation found that the Pause Programme - which supports local practices to deliver relationship-based support to women who have experienced removal of at least one child and are judged to be at risk of further removals of children - is effective in making a positive difference in women’s lives, improving their relationships with children, reducing rates of infant care entry in local areas and delivering cost savings for local areas.

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Coronavirus (COVID-19): Impact on children, young people and families - evidence summary October 2020

The Scottish Government

This briefing summarises the current evidence (at time of writing) from Scotland and the UK on the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the wellbeing of children, young people and families, including those with vulnerabilities and those experiencing disadvantage or discrimination.

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The Family Matters Report 2020

SNAICC – National Voice for our Children, University of Melbourne, Griffith University and Monash University

Family Matters reports focus on what governments are doing to turn the tide on over-representation of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children in out-of-home care and the outcomes for children. They also highlight Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander-led solutions and call on governments to support and invest in the strengths of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples to lead on child wellbeing, development and safety responses for our children.

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Adopted students and intersectionality, starting points for a first analysis

Monya Ferritti and Anna Guerrieri - Educazione Interculturale

This article, thanks to data collected by family associations, intends to investigate multiple intersectionality of students with adoptive background by highlighting the most important problems, the school’s and healthcare’s interventions to address those problems and the possible additional and complementary actions that can be put into place to encourage inclusion and integration of disabled students with adoptive and ethnically different backgrounds.

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Trends in inequalities in Children Looked After in England between 2004 and 2019: a local area ecological analysis

Davara Lee Bennett, Kate E Mason, Daniela K Schlüter, S Wickham, Eric TC Lai, Alexandros Alexiou, Ben Barr, David Taylor-Robinson - BMJ Open

The purpose of this study was to assess trends in inequalities in Children Looked After (CLA) in England between 2004 and 2019, after controlling for unemployment, a marker of recession and risk factor for child maltreatment.

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Mothering in the Context of Violence: Indigenous and Non-Indigenous Mothers’ Experiences in Regional Settings in Australia

Silke Meyer and Rose-Marie Stambe - Journal of Interpersonal Violence

In this study, data derived from 17 qualitative face-to-face interviews are used to explore the lived experiences of Indigenous mothers affected by domestic and family violence (DFV) in Australia.

Pediatrician Guidance in Supporting Families of Children Who Are Adopted, Fostered, or in Kinship Care

Veronnie F. Jones, Elaine E. Schulte, Douglas Waite - Pediatrics

This paper explores how pediatricians can support families who care for children and adolescents who are fostered and adopted while attending to children’s medical needs and helping each child attain their developmental potential.

Exploring Racial Disproportionalities and Disparities for Black Families Involved with the Child Welfare System: A Scoping Review Protocol

Travonne Edwards, Amina Hussain, Christa Sato, Jason King, Michael Saini, Bryn King - Social Science Protocols

This systemic scoping review will provide a succinct synthesis of the current literature on Black disproportionality and disparity in child welfare.

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Breaking Point: COVID-19 and the Child Protection Crisis in Afghanistan

World Vision

Key findings from this report demonstrate that due to the negative impact of the outbreak, the vulnerability of the households further increased and already existing dangerous coping strategies such as child labor, child marriage and decrease of food consumption have been worsened by financial insecurity for families and losses of household income.

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Parental emotional neglect and left-behind children’s problem behaviors: The mediating role of deviant peer affiliation and the moderating role of beliefs about adversity

Banglin Yang, Cancan Xiong, Jin Huang - Children and Youth Services Review

The current study investigated the effects of parental emotional neglect on left-behind children’s externalizing problem behaviors, the mediating role of deviant peer affiliation, and the moderating role of beliefs about adversity in the association between parental emotional neglect and left-behind children’s externalizing problem behaviors.

Children on the brink: Risks for child protection, sexual abuse, and related mental health problems in the COVID-19 pandemic

Sheila Ramaswamy, Shekhar Seshadri - Indian Journal of Psychiatry

This article focuses on examining the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and its socio-economic consequences on children in adversity in India, describing the increased child protection and psychosocial risks they are placed at, during and in the immediate aftermath of the COVID-19 crisis and its lockdown situation.

Towards recognising practitioners working in out-of-home care as experts in everyday life: A conceptual critique

Claire Cameron - International Journal of Social Pedagogy

This article examines the case for greater recognition of the children’s workforce in out-of-home care (OHC), and situates the concept of ‘expertise’ in the rise of recognition of children’s status as competent social actors, as well as in professionalisation debates.

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The Relationship between Loneliness, Self-Efficacy, and Satisfaction with Life in Left-Behind Middle School Students in China: Taking Binhai County of Jiangsu Province as an Example

Lei Jiang, Mingyue Liao, Ronghua Ying - Best Evidence in Chinese Education

The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between loneliness, self-efficacy, and satisfaction with life of Left-behind middle school students in China.

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Trends in the prevalence and incidence of orphanhood in children and adolescents <20 years in rural KwaZulu-Natal South Africa, 2000-2014

Gabriela Mejia-Pailles, Ann Berrington, Nuala McGrath, Victoria Hosegood - PLoS ONE

In South Africa, large increases in early adult mortality during the 1990s and early 2000s have reversed since public HIV treatment rollout in 2004. In a rural population in KwaZulu-Natal, the authors of this study investigated trends in parental mortality and orphanhood from 2000–2014.

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The impact of parental migration on non-cognitive abilities of left behind children in northwestern China

Han Liu, Fang Chang, Hannah Corn, Yi Zhang, Yaojiang Shi - Journal of Asian Economics

Using survey data consisting of 5002 eighth graders from 160 middle schools in northwestern China, this paper investigates how parental migration affects children’s non-cognitive abilities, as is measured by Big Five components of conscientiousness, extraversion, neuroticism, agreeableness, and openness, as well as children’s grit.

Social Protection & Child Protection: Working together to protect children from the impact of COVID-19 and beyond

The Alliance for Children Protection in Humanitarian Action, UNICEF, Save the Children

This paper presents evidence of how social protection approaches can contribute to child protection outcomes and outlines recommendations which call for strong mobilization and uptake by governments, UN and multilateral development agencies, regional bodies, donors, and Civil Society Organizations (CSOs).

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International Kinship Care Guide

Cross Border Child Safeguarding Working Group, Children and Families Across Borders

This guide is the first of its kind which comprehensively addresses the best practice for placing Looked After Children currently in the UK into the care of a family member(s) who lives in another country.

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COVID-19: Adapting Child Protection Case Management MOOC Follow-Up

MOOC Taskforce

Following thousands of comments and responses posted by the 8,000 course participants for the MOOC on COVID-19: Adapting Child Protection Case Management, as well as research and evidence being issued by child protection agencies, three international experts were invited to provide short videos containing advice and opinions of experts in different regions of the world regarding the need to plan for support for children for the evolving situation of COVID-19 and in particular post-pandemic scenario. 

Social Welfare Workforce Capacity Assessment to develop a long-term capacity building strategy for the social welfare service sector in Ghana

Ministry of Gender, Children and Social Protection, and UNICEF Ghana

This report notes existing gaps and needs in social service provision and provides recommendations for specific actions to strengthen the social welfare workforce in Ghana.

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Data collection on children in residential care: Protocol and tools for a national census and survey on children in residential care

UNICEF

In response to the need for accurate and reliable statistics on children in residential care, UNICEF has developed the first-ever comprehensive methodology to collect data on children living in residential care settings by applying a number of preexisting tools from international survey programmes, such as the Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS) and other validated instruments, to an institutional population.

Behind the Mask of Care: A Report Based on the Results of the Situation Analysis of Baby Homes in Ukraine

USAID, UK aid, Hope and Homes for Children

This report presents the findings of the 2019-2020 assessment conducted within the Pilot assessment of residential healthcare facilities for children and development of recommendations for reform in five baby homes of Dnipropetrovsk, Poltava and Kherson regions of Ukraine. In addition to the findings from the assessment of baby homes, the report presents results from the region assessments regarding needs in the medical rehabilitation, paediatric palliative care, and social services for children aged 0-6 years and their families. 

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Early Childhood Development Index 2030

UNICEF

The ECDI2030 is a tool, developed by UNICEF, to measure progress toward SDG indicator 4.2.1. It captures the achievement of key developmental milestones by children between the ages of 24 and 59 months. Mothers or primary caregivers are asked 20 questions about the way their children behave in certain everyday situations, and the skills and knowledge they have acquired.

Children in care institutions

Evie Browne - K4D Helpdesk Report

This paper explores the question: What does the literature tell us about how many children worldwide are in institutions/orphanages; how likely they are to be exploited and in which ways; and what interventions are most effective in preventing this?

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Situation Analysis of Children in Uganda - 2019

Ministry of Gender, Labour and Social Development, and UNICEF Uganda, with support from the Uganda Bureau of Statistics

This situation analysis explores multidimensional poverty in Uganda, including an examination of both material and social needs of children – including health care and education, a social and family life, clean and safe drinking water, housing that is not squalid and overcrowded, adequate clothing, and regular meals with sufficient and nutritious food.

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Principle of Subsidiarity - ISS/IRC comparative working paper 1: Spotlight on solutions

International Social Service

Having the best interest principle and taking into account the individual needs of each child in intercountry adoptions, this paper endeavours to promote the two tier approach of the principle of subsidiarity by examining the drafting spirit behind international standards (Section 1), providing examples of legislation and jurisprudence (Section 2) and identifying promising practices (Section 3) that reflect the principle.

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What Works to Protect Children on the Move: Rapid Evidence Assessment

Rachel Marcus, Amina Khan, Carmen Leon-Himmelstine and Jenny Rivett - UNICEF

This rapid evidence assessment (REA) aimed to answer three questions: (1) What interventions have been effective in ensuring the protection of children on the move? (2) What are the implementation factors that make these interventions effective or that hamper effectiveness (for example the context of the intervention, and specific design features such as who is targeted)? and (3) What kinds of social welfare and child protection systems are linked to effective interventions?

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