This video from UNICEF Rwanda shows some of the moving stories of children and their new families who have been brought together through the TMM initiative, which reintegrates children who have been living in institutions into families and the community. 

The Child Protection System Guidelines were developed to address the fragmented response to child protection in Kenya and guide actors at the county level to deliver more coordinated and professional services for children and their families. 

This document contains the national framework for the child protection system in Kenya, developed with the intention of improving linkages between different sectors for more a more coordinated approach to protecting children. 

This article is an historical analysis of the association between interventions for neglect and attitudes to poverty in English speaking countries, with reference to specific countries by way of illustration.

This paper reports the findings from an Australian study that examined longitudinal data on reasons for entry to care, trajectories in care and patterns of reunification and associated factors.

This article examines the impact of poverty on looked-after children and their families, describes and evaluates the use of multiple family group therapy and other family-based interventions, and reports children's experiences and feedback from the groups. 

This study examines whether requiring parents to pay child support to offset the costs of foster care delays children's permanent placement, whether through reunification with a parent, adoption, or guardianship.

The paper draws on a mixed methods study the role and effectiveness of Independent Reviewing Officers in England. 

The present study aimed to assess the relationship between interpersonal traumatic experiences and specific psychopathological symptoms in a high-risk population of girls and boys living in youth welfare institutions in residential care. 

This study evaluated the feasibility, acceptance, preliminary outcomes and potential sustainability of a community-based intervention program for left behind children in China. 

Residential Child Care Staff Selection: Choose With Care draws upon international research and the experience of practitioners to help you improve your ability to recruit the best staff in residential care settings for children.  

This document describes the 2017-2020 strategy of Family For Every Child. The Strategy paper highlights the mission and vision of Family For Every Child, provides examples of past work and key lessons, and describes its approach and goals to create change toward better care for children. 

The 2017 Home Visiting Yearbook presents, for the first time, the most comprehensive picture available of home visiting on the national and state levels, revealing the breadth of home visiting in the United States and identifying the gaps in practice. 

This Handbook explores early childhood interventions and policy through 36 chapters in various country contexts, including chapters on early childhood services for children in care. 

This editorial by The Lancet draws connections between early childhood development, education and childhood violence, illustrating the need for early and cross-sectoral investments in children. 

This study aims to determine the prevalence of maltreatment experienced by institutionalized children prior to their admission to Charitable Children's Institutions (orphanages) in western Kenya, and to describe their socio-demographic characteristics, reasons for admission, and the factors associated with prior experiences of maltreatment.

Resulting from the June 2017 Africa Expert Consultation on Violence against Children in All Care Settings and adopted by all participants, this Declaration calls upon leaders at national, sub-regional, pan-African and global levels for further action to fulfill their obligation to protect children against violence in all care settings, with emphasis on alternative care. 

This Annex compiles the presentations delivered at the 21-22 June 2017 Africa Expert Consultation on Violence Against Children in All Care Settings and is intended to accompany the Final Report of the meeting. 

This report describes the details of the Africa Expert Consultation: Violence Against Children in All Care Settings, which took place 21-22 June 2017. 

Aiming to assist providers to identify and better serve the needs of youth victims of human trafficking, this study developed and pretested a Human Trafficking Screening Tool used to identify youth in the child welfare system and runaway and homeless youth who have experiences of trafficking, 

This study, commissioned by ChildLinK, critically examines the factors of child neglect by caregivers in Guyana and offers recommendations for key stakeholders across various disciplines. 

This exploratory study used cross-sector administrative records linked across multiple systems, including child welfare records and Medicaid claims, from a single state in the U.S. over a five-year period, to investigate the factors that predict entry into psychiatric residential treatment facilities for children. 

This book is composed of a series of extended abstracts relevant to the evaluation and research of family and children's services in various contexts. 

This self-assessment and planning tool is intended for nonprofits and schools working with families to provide services that more effectively reach and engage parents in fostering their children's development. 

This case study of the child protection system in the United Republic of Tanzania is part of a UNICEF global initiative, undertaken in collaboration with Global Affairs Canada to document national child protection frameworks to gain an understanding of the country, the response of government and other actors, as well as other factors contributing to success in protecting children from violence, exploitation and abuse. 

This paper highlights some of the challenges of reforming child care policy and offers recommendations to advance the political priority of care reform at the national level. 

This brief summarises key findings of a qualitative study of the family strengthening approach of the Isibindi model. 

This guide has been written in order to assist OVC program personnel to understand key terms and concepts used in the Site Improvement Monitoring System (SIMS) Community Tool, specifically the section on case management services for OVC.

This briefing describes how the needs of children without parental care can be addressed through five of the SDGs: no poverty (1); quality education (4); decent work and economic growth (8); reduced inequalities (10); and peace, justice and strong institutions (16).

Increasing evidence suggests that intimate partner violence (IPV) and child maltreatment (CM) by a parent or caregiver intersect on a number of levels. This scoping review defines the intersections between IPV and CM and explores opportunities for more coordinated approaches to address both forms of violence. 

This Special Issue of the Journal of Psychology, Health and Medicine contains fifteen of several papers commissioned by the Know Violence Initiative. Together, these papers illustrate the complexity of violence experienced by children and present evidence-based strategies for addressing and preventing childhood violence. 

This editorial explores the experience and impact of childhood violence around the world and calls for a coordinated and multi-sectoral response to prevent violence, recognizing the need to identify and address the root causes of family separation and institutionalization. 

This infographic provides statistics on children globally. It then provides information as it relates to the six objectives of John Snow Inc.'s Knowledge Management Services in relation to Orphans and Vulnerable Children, including children living in institutions, HIV/AIDS, child sexual exploitation, and more. 

High prevalence of sex tourism in Zanzibar has spurred a five year National Action Plan to end violence against children and women on the island. 

This presentation delivered by Dr. Kristen Cheney describes her research findings on the "Orphan Industrial Complex," which suggest that orphan tourism, orphanage volunteering, and donor support for orphanages are the primary drivers of the unnecessary separation of children from their families and the harmful institutionalization of children. 

Ireland's Health Information and Standards Directorate has launched a public consultation on the Draft National Standards on Children's Residential Care. Once finalized, the Standards will provide a framework for the ongoing development of child-centred and effective services for children living in residential care centres. This document contains the preceding Draft Standards, eligible for feedback through 02 November 2017. 

This animated video from ACCI Missions & Relief explains how short-term missions in orphanages are harmful to children, why volunteers should avoid volunteering in orphanages overseas, and what kind of programs should be supported instead. 

This document includes the general comments adopted by the United Nations Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities on Article 19 of the Convention: the right to live independently and being included in the community. 

This infographic provides a historical timeline of the alternative care reform process in Armenia, marking key achievements in the establishment of policies, strategies, guidelines, procedures, and programs to improve the quality of care and protection for children without adequate family care.

This infographic provides a historical timeline of the alternative care reform process in Ghana, marking key achievements in the establishment of policies, guidelines, procedures, and programs to improve the quality of care and protection for children without adequate family care.

This infographic provides a historical timeline of the alternative care reform process in Moldova, marking key achievements in the establishment of policies, guidelines, procedures, and programs to improve the quality of care and protection for children without adequate family care. 

This infographic provides a historical timeline of the alternative care reform process in Uganda, marking key achievements in the establishment of policies, guidelines, procedures, and programs to improve the quality of care and protection for children without adequate family care. 

This country care review includes the care-related Concluding Observations adopted by the Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and the Committee on the Rights of the Child. 

This country care review includes the care related Concluding Observations adopted by the Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and the Committee on the Right of the Child at their recent examinations of Guatemala's report. 

This country care review includes the care-related Concluding Observations adopted by the Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities during the sixteenth session (15 Aug 2016 – 2 Sep 2016) of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities.

This country care review includes the care-related Concluding Observations adopted by the Committee on the Rights of the Child during the seventy-fifth session (15 May 2017 - 02 Jun 2017) of the Convention on the Rights of the Child.

This country care review includes the care-related Concluding Observations adopted by the Committee on the Rights of the Child during the seventy-fifth session (15 May 2017 - 02 Jun 2017) of the Convention on the Rights of the Child.

This country care review includes the care-related Concluding Observations adopted by the Committee on the Rights of the Child during the seventy-fifth session (15 May 2017 - 2 Jun 2017) of the Convention on the Rights of the Child.

This country care review includes the care-related Concluding Observations adopted by the Committee on the Rights of the Child during the seventy-fifth session (15 May 2017 - 2 Jun 2017) of the Convention on the Rights of the Child.

This country care review includes the care-related Concluding Observations adopted by the Committee on the Rights of the Child during the seventy-fifth session (15 May 2017 - 2 Jun 2017) of the Convention on the Rights of the Child.

This report explores the challenges of implementing and evaluating relationship-based interventions for young people with experience in the U.S. foster care system and presents recommendations for both practitioners and researchers for successful implementation and evaluation in the future. 

This study investigated Portuguese adolescent adoptees' perceptions of their attachment relationships with their adopted parents compared to adolescents living with biological parents and adolescents living in residential care. 

This study utilized data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study to examine how kinship care affects maternal stress and parenting practices in racial/ethnic and immigrant families in the United States. 

This study evaluates the Youth Initiated Mentoring (YIM) program, which allows youth with complex needs to nominate a mentor from their own social network to collaborate with care professionals and their families as an alternative to out-of-home placement.  

This paper examines the extent to which socioeconomic vulnerability, psychosocial service consultations, and preventative social services spending impacts the reunification for children placed in out-of-home care.

In this Call to Action, Opening Doors for Europe's Children presents three key demands to the European Union to promote the prioritisation and funding of deinstitutionalisation in the next Multiannual Financial Framework (MFF). 

This book introduces the PDAK – Pusat Dukungan Anak dan Keluarga (Child and Family Support Centre) in Indonesia and the case management system utilized within the centre. 

The Toolkit on Unaccompanied and Separated Children compiles 56 tools for the use of practitioners working with unaccompanied and separated children (UASC).

This handbook offers comprehensive practical guidance on working with unaccompanied and separated children (UASC) in emergency settings.

This article utilizes data from the Bucharest Early Intervention Project to examine the neural indices of cognitive control and visual attention biases in children who have been institutionalized in order to understand how they influence the emergence of psychopathology in children with experience in institutional care. 

This study investigated the language and psychosocial skills of pre-school aged Greek institutionalized children in comparison to Greek children of the same age raised in a family environment. 

This study observed the challenges experienced by children living in SOS Children's Village Bindura, Zimbabwe during a Community Holiday Visit Programme. 

This paper describes and analyzes the implementation of trauma and evidence-informed interventions in three federally-funded statewide demonstration sites in different regional contexts throughout the United States. 

This study explored whether receipt of early care and education services reduces the likelihood of foster care placement for children aged 0-5 years in the United States. 

This special issue of the journal Today's Children are Tomorrow's Parents explores the issue of children deprived of liberty, or the detention of children, around the globe from the perspective of experts from various disciplines. 

This case study describes the process, methods and results of the approach promoted by World Education’s Bantwana Initiative under two USAID/PEPFAR-funded consortium projects in Uganda: SUNRISE-OVC and STAR-EC. 

The following case study outlines the process undertaken by officials, para-social workers (PSWs) and community leaders in several sub-counties in Kasese District in Western Uganda to a) identify and address instances of child abuse in their communities, b) track cases of abuse and encourage reporting by victims, and c) support a para-social workforce in the communities to act as a deterrent and reduce the incidence of abuse. 

This study presents findings from three separate meta-analyses investigating differences between children placed in residential care and in family foster care with regard to three outcomes: internalizing behaviors, externalizing behaviors, and perception of care. 

This paper addresses the challenges and benefits of involving biological parents in group homes in Israel and presents various means to encourage their involvement in care.

This report reviews the existing literature on the impact of child sexual abuse within various types of institutional care settings around the world. 

The present report was submitted to the UN Security Council Working Group on Children and Armed Conflict and focuses on the trends and patterns of the six categories of grave violations committed against children. 

The Nation's Children 2017 provides the most up-to-date data on the status of children in the United States, with statistics on children in out-of-home care, child abuse and neglect, adoption, poverty and other risk factors, and more. 

The 24 chapters of this book contain research examining the institutionalization of children, child abuse and neglect in residential care, and interventions preventing and responding to violence against children living in out-of-home care settings around the world. 

This chapter serves as an introduction to the book Child Maltreatment in Residential Care and provides a brief overview of the research on child maltreatment within the context of institutional care. 

This report evaluates UNICEF's child protection systems building approach in Myanmar, including the review methodology, findings, conclusions and lessons learned, as well as recommendations for the future. 

Drawing upon census data, this report shows that place, race, and poverty are intertwined concepts with particular implications for young children.

In this case study, Coordinating Comprehensive Care of Children (4Children) documents and evaluates the work of COGRI’s Lea Toto program and the FHI360 led APHIAplus program in Kenya.

In this case study, Coordinating Comprehensive Care of Children (4Children) documents and evaluates the work of Pact's Yekokeb Berhan Program for Highly Vulnerable Children in Ethiopia.

In this case study, Coordinating Comprehensive Care of Children (4Children) documents and evaluates the work of the World Education/Bantwana Expanded IMPACT program in Zimbabwe.

This paper is the final chapter of Child Maltreatment in Residential Care, summarizing and analyzing the research presented on child maltreatment in institutions, its impact on children, and prevention and intervention strategies. 

This paper provides evidence-based guidance on the use of family interventions involving children with a history of institutionalization prior to their placement in family-based care through foster care, adoption, or reunification with their families.  

This paper utilizes a harm-reduction framework to present best practices for improving residential care and reducing the negative effects residential care can have on children's development. 

This chapter in Child Maltreatment in Residential Care provides a brief history of congregate care in the United States and the experiences of maltreatment of children and youth within congregate care settings as they shifted over time. 

This study explored the experiences of maltreatment and outcomes of adult care-leavers in Australia who lived in out-of-home care as children. 

This chapter from Child Maltreatment in Residential Care provides an overview of institutional care in Latin America and the Carribean, describes current efforts toward deinsitutionalization and child care reform in the region, and discusses practical suggestions for further research and reform.

This chapter of Child Maltreatment in Residential Care discusses the findings from a multi-country study comparing the incidence of maltreatment in institution-based and family-based care and offers recommendations based on the findings. 

This chapter of Child Maltreatment in Residential Care describes Interaction Competencies with Children – for Caregivers (ICC-C), a preventative intervention approach to improve the quality of care and reduce the incidence of maltreatment within institutional care settings in Sub-Saharan Africa. 

This study investigated the incidence of maltreatment experienced by children living outside parental care, comparing the prevalence of abuse between children living with extended family, children living in institutional care, and children living or working on the street. 

This chapter of Child Maltreatment in Residential Care describes the progression of changes in China's child care and protection policies to reduce the use of institutional care for children and increase efforts toward family strengthening and family-based models of alternative care. 

This study analyzed the experiences of victimization by peers and staff of adolescents living in Israeli residential care settings.

This chapter of Child Maltreatment in Residential Care provides a background on the development of the child welfare system in Turkey, focused on the transition from institutional care toward family-based care and higher standards for institutions. 

This study provides a background on the historical, cultural, and social circumstances in Ukraine as it relates to the continued institutionalization of children in the country, despite efforts for reform. 

This chapter of Child Maltreatment in Residential Care describes the history of child care institutions in the Russian Federation and the legislative changes implemented to improve the situation of children living in residential care settings. 

This report summarizes the findings from various studies investigating child sexual abuse within institutional care throughout Austria, Germany, and Switzerland and offers suggestions for future research and intervention. 

This study investigated the prevalence and nature of abuse experienced by children in secular and non-secular care institutions in Germany. 

This report analyzes the relationship between poly-victimization and the internalizing and externalizing symptoms amongst 12-17 year old youth living in residential care centers in Spain. 

This chapter from Child Maltreatment in Residential Care presents the key findings from the Bucharest Early Intervention Project (2003), a longitudinal randomized control study which revealed the immense developmental impact of the severe deprivation experienced by children placed in institutional care shortly after birth. 

This secondary analysis, based off data collected in 1999 by the Survey on Child Abuse in Residential Care Institutions in Romania, investiged the prevalence of growth stunting of institutionalized Romanian children and compared the prevalence of stunting between four different institutional contexts.

This study investigated the correlation between the self-reported academic achievement of Romanian institutionalized children living in long-term residential care and numerous variables related to their experiences in institutional care.