Child Trends conducted a national survey of state independent living coordinators (Survey on Services and Supports for Young People Transitioning from Foster Care). 

This is the first controlled study of an expressive arts group intervention with unaccompanied minor asylum seeking children. The aim of the study was to examine whether such an intervention may alleviate symptoms of trauma and enhance life satisfaction and hope.

This study expands on an earlier study that reported a tight linear fit between national adult HIV prevalence and the percentage of children living in a household with at least one HIV-positive adult. The authors extended this analysis to all existing DHS data sets with HIV testing, to determine the feasibility of using regression modeling to estimate the size of two priority groups: (1) children living with at least one adult who is HIV-positive, and (2) orphans and coresident children living with at least one adult who is HIV-positive. 

The purpose of this study was to determine the proportion of school moves that can be reduced through implementation of the educational stability provisions of the Fostering Connections to Success and Increasing Adoptions Act (FCA, 2008) and the Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA, 2015), and to identify opportunities to minimize the number of transitions that children and youth in foster care experience in the US.

Concept mapping was used to identify the needs of grandparents who take care of their grandchildren in formal foster care in Flanders (Dutch speaking part of Belgium). 

In this study, data from the US National Youth in Transition Database were used to evaluate the associations between childbirth at three time points (prior to age 17, ages 17–19, and ages 19–21) and females’ socioeconomic outcomes and risk indicators at age 21 (n = 3173). 

This study examined predictions of externalizing behaviors (EB) from childhood to adolescence/young adulthood from temperament, preadoption maltreatment, and adoptive family cohesion.

The present research investigated a study on self - esteem and academic performance of family reared and institutionalized orphan children. 

This Opinion Piece traces the rise of statutory kinship care in Australia from the progressive reduction of residential care and the struggle to recruit sufficient foster carers to meet demand for protective care.

This publication from Lumos describes the institutionalization of children the world over and its impacts, calling for an end to institutions and highlighting some of the particular groups of children who are most deprived of liberty.

This chapter explores the types of family disruption most commonly associated with various youth diagnostic concerns.

Seventy-eight postinstitutionalized (PI) children adopted at ages 17–36 months were assessed 2, 8, 16, and 24 months postadoption on measures of cortisol and parenting quality, and compared to same-aged children adopted from foster care (FC, n = 45) and nonadopted children (NA, n = 45).

This study examined the status of the State Program on Deinstitutionalization and Alternative Care (SPDAC), a public policy aimed at transforming 55 institutions covering 14,500 children during 2006-2016 in Azerbaijan. 

This chapter discusses findings from a qualitative study that investigated the experiences of disabled children living in out-of-home care in th UK. 

The purpose of this study was to describe the receipt of independent living services of youth who were formerly in care and who are currently living independently, while also looking at the skills and resources of youth who are currently in foster care in the US. 

This study examined factors associated with extracurricular participation and whether participation in extracurricular activities is associated with completing high school and attending college among a sample of older youth transitioning from foster care (n = 312).

The objective of this project was to review a sample of reports made to Arizona's Department of Child Safety (DCS) with neglect allegations and identify the types of neglect present in the hotline narrative and investigation narrative. 

This report describes the disproportionality of children from racial and ethnic minorities in the foster care system in Arizona and how the overwhelmingly white, Anglo-American makeup of the Foster Care Review Boards leads to cultural bias in ths sytem and can perpetuate this problem.

This guide represents a methodological support that describes the procedures for the provision, organization and operation of the Family Support Service.

This guide is designed for social workers employed in the social services addressed to families and children in Moldova. In this version, the case management methodology focuses on family strengthening and the development of family’s competences, with the ultimate aim of achieving every child’s well-being. 

Following up on a 2014 report of the same name, this report (Race for Results) describes the disproportionate barriers facing children of immigrant families in the US, and it recommends strategies that policy, community and civic leaders can use to guide their decisions so that all our children have a fair chance to thrive. 

The goals of this study are as follows: 1) to gain a better understanding of the impact of geopolitical violence on youth and families; 2) to describe the mental health dimensions of the traumas of separation from family, reunification with estranged family, flight from one’s home country to the United States, and the needs in the United States; and 3) to learn how to use clinical and family therapy clinical techniques in a coordinated and interdisciplinary system of care.

This article explores the need for, and benefits of, personalized educational plans, particularly language courses, for unaccompanied migrant children in Italy.

This article reviews the contribution of psychology to knowledge on child protection and suggests opportunities for psychology to contribute more.

The purpose of the study was to investigate the determinants of the effective utilization of cash transfer for orphans and vulnerable children by caregivers in Tigania West SubCounty which has 1320 beneficiaries in the programme. 

Increased attention on the situations of unaccompanied refugee minors living in Europe has recently begun to include their voices and perspectives. This article focuses on the micro to macro contexts which give rise to their voices and explores the multiple features of voice.

This study aimed to find the prevalence rate of PTSD, anxiety and depression among orphaned children in Gaza Strip.

This study sought to expand the literature on the comorbidity of foster care and substance abuse and mental illness by undertaking a secondary analysis of a large national cohort in the US.

This article discusses knowledge on the traumas that this hidden, although expanding, group of youth experience, as well as the interventions, clinical services, and policies that can benefit these youth.

The objective of this presentation is to highlight, through the presentation of a clinical case example, how a community-based social services agency, such as Northern Virginia Family Service (NVFS), responds to the psychosocial needs of unaccompanied minors and their families and addresses and mediates barriers to successful family reunification.

This study explores the possibility that early care and education (ECE) services (e.g., child care, preschool, day care) can help the Child Welfare System achieve its goal.

This framework outlines what the Key Assets team understand by quality family based foster care and recognises the collective responsibility to promote the rights of children worldwide. Seven standards for providing quality foster care are outlined in this publication.

The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of care at foster homes on the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of children living with HIV (CLHIV), attending a referral ART Centre, and to compare their HRQOL with children living in their own homes.

This presentation will review the needs of traumatized children in foster care and appropriate clinical response, including diagnosis, treatment planning, and follow-up.

This chapter aims to discuss the methodological implications of research with children and adolescents who are living in foster care, with emphasis on the use of visual methods and reflexive interviews.

This article explores the mental health outcomes for unaccompanied refugee minors (URM) and offers recommendations for improving psychological wellbeing.

Young unaccompanied asylum seekers have been portrayed as vulnerable, resilient or both. Those granted residency in Europe are offered support by health and social care systems, but once they leave the care system to make independent lives, what part can these services play?

Guided by an ideation-to-action theoretical framework for suicide prevention, the goal of the proposed research study is to describe and identify risk and protective factor correlates of youth suicidal behaviour among those at highest risk for suicide – orphans who reside in a low- and middle-income country (LMIC) institutional setting. 

This talk will explore the adaptation of FOCUS, an evidence-based, skill-building preventive intervention, for foster families and foster youth in college and provide clinical adaptations.

The goal of this presentation is to describe a unique manualized Adoption-Specific Intervention (ADAPT) intervention, developed specifically for families adopting older foster care youth. Important lessons for mental health clinicians working with families of adopted youth will be discussed.

Anecdotal and limited objective studies have indicated that children and youth being raised in nonparental settings, such as those with custodial grandparents or in foster care, show a higher need for mental health services. They are often prescribed psychotropic medications at a higher rate. The authors set out to study the prevalence of this trend in a sample group of suburban community health center child and adolescent patients who are being served through an outpatient school-based program of Prince William County, Virginia in the US. 

This study investigated whether mothers experience changes to their health and social situation after having a child taken into care by child protection services, then compared these outcomes with those found in mothers whose children were not taken into care.

This rapid literature review was commissioned by the German Research Centre on Adoption (EFZA) located at the German Youth Institute in Munich (Germany). The overall aim of the review was to consider the support needs of domestic and intercountry adoptive families and the evidence for effective interventions. Step-parent, relative and domestic private adoptions were excluded.

This study assesses whether 157 children who spent time in a Ghanaian residential care facility but who have been reunified with their families scored differently on a battery of standardized child wellbeing measures than 204 children still living in residential care facilities using propensity score matching models. 

Both historical and contemporary residential care for children have been found to present risks to their safety and security. Views about the characteristics of workers that helped them to feel safe in the placement were obtained from 27 children and young people who were placed in residential care in Australia.

This study sought to identify factors that contribute to the relational well-being of youth in substitute care. 

This study explores self-stigma in the utilization of mental health services while in foster care and whether the stigma developed while in foster care impacts mental health service use upon foster care exit. 

This bulletin presents previously unpublished Australian national trends in the number and rate of children admitted to out-of-home-care by age and Indigenous status, from 2011–12 to 2015–16.

This study investigated social capital, risk factors, and protective factors associated with the likelihood that youth in foster care will enroll in college.

This study employed Concept Mapping (CM) with a convenience sample of 51 foster youth/alumni in one southeastern state in the US to explicate a conceptual framework for the development of campus supports for collegiate foster youth/alumni, and examine priority areas (e.g., importance and feasibility). 

This study examined the extent to which maltreatment history and the characteristics of out-of-home care correlated with the language and social skills of maltreated children. 

The authors of this article performed a multiple case study to gather information about barriers and facilitators in building a working alliance between social workers and families.

The authors used a mixed-methods, cross-sectional design, focused on qualitative results to explore how foster parents in the US utilize daily routines in foster care.

This chapter provides a description of the Partners in Child Protection (PICP) project, the assessment protocols utilized, and the implementation strategies applied to support and maintain the partnership. 

This presentation will discuss methods of assisting reconnection and reunification in families of unaccompanied minors immigrating to the US.

This chapter aims to present a research grounded in the bioecology of human development that analyzed shelter institutions through the perceptions of children aged from 7 to 12 years in Brazil.

In this video, Dinah Mwesigye, a social worker at Retrak in Kampala, Uganda, describes Retrak’s work with street-connected children to prepare them for foster care.

In this video, social worker Diana Nyakarungi describes how Ekisa Ministries in Jinja, Uganda supports parents to care for their children with special needs within the community. 

In this video, Dinah Mwesigye, a social worker at Retrak in Kampala, Uganda, describes the process of finding foster families for street-connected children who are not able to be reunified with their biological families. 

The Childonomics project has developed an instrument that can help to reflect on the long-term social and economic return of investing in children and families.

This document provides a full report of the workshop on “Depression in Children and Young Persons living in Alternative Care: Challenges and Possibilities.” 

A Familiar Face: Violence in the lives of children and adolescents uses the most current data to shed light on four specific forms of violence: violent discipline and exposure to domestic abuse during early childhood; violence at school; violent deaths among adolescents; and sexual violence in childhood and adolescence. 

This brief paper highlights some of Young Lives key findings on violence affecting children, exploring what children say about violence, how it affects them, and the key themes that emerges from a systematic analysis of the children’s accounts.

The purpose of this chapter [from the book Assisting Young Children Caught in Disasters] is to highlight the impacts of the HIV/AIDS pandemic on young children, particularly those aged eight and below, and identify interventions that have been shown to be efficacious in terms of the socio-emotional welfare of children.

This working paper from the National Scientific Council on the Developing Child examines child neglect and its impacts. 

The Verbatim Formula is an applied performance research project which is currently working with looked after children and young people. 

This handbook consolidates learning garnered from Save the Children's experience of setting up, managing and investing in the Family Tracing and Reunification (FTR) programme in South Sudan in order to contribute to the strengthening of Save the Children’s approach to FTR in sudden onset of emergencies where Child Protection in Emergencies (CPiE) programmes need to respond to large scale family separations. 

This book introduces the Relational Learning Framework (RLF), an assessment tool which helps foster care practitioners, social workers and foster carers to examine what foster children have learned in their early life about relationships and particularly through maltreatment. 

This handbook showcases science-based interventions that have been demonstrated effective in promoting attachment security, this is a vital reference and clinical guide for practitioners. 

This report presents the findings from a study that aimed to explore the application in practice of the ‘necessity principle’ from the Guidelines on Alternative Care for Children (UN, 2009) by using three quantitative and three qualitative indicators that provide information about whether children and families have received support to the fullest extent possible before a child ends up outside of parental care arrangements in formal or informal care, or living alone. 

This essay examines the extreme violence and organized crime in the Central American Northern Triangle (CANT) region that is causing many young people, families, and individuals to flee and become displaced, as well as the widespread forcible gang recruitment in the region.

This report presents a case study on cross-border family law in Scotland in light of the UK's decision to leave the EU ("Brexit"). 

This guideline aims to provide evidence-based recommendations for quality clinical care for children and adolescents who have, or may have, been subjected to sexual abuse, in order to mitigate the negative health consequences and improve their well-being. 

This document sheds some light on where funding discussions currently stand with regard to U.S. government programs for global children and youth issues. 

This study examines whether the use of relative child care improves maternal parenting practices. Data from 3475 families in the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study were used to examine how relative child care is related to parenting behaviors and how the patterns present among each racial/ethnic and immigrant family. 

The purpose of this study is to explore differences in family relationships, family subjective well-being (SWB) and overall SWB between children living in three different living arrangements – a two-parent family, a single-parent family and a separated family. 

The multidimensional standardised assessment tool, the North Carolina Family Assessment Scale—Reunification (NCFAS-R) was used in this study by practitioners to assess family strengths and needs in case planning and reunification decision making. The current paper examined (1) whether NCFAS-R domain ratings at intake and closure differ by characteristics of parents and children; and (2) whether reunification is predicted by NCFAS-R score at closure.

This article presents results from a quasi-experimental study in South Africa examining differences in grant uptake over a two year period among 1487 children enrolled in one of two types of supportive home visiting programming: volunteer-based or paraprofessional. 

this study examined the association of two factors — children's strengths and placement type, with outcomes at two time-points during out-of-home care in Singapore.

This article tests how out-of-home placement of children in Denmark affects men's labor market attachment, and in so doing the authors provide a novel parallel to existing research on how fatherhood affects men, which focuses almost exclusively on a child's arrival. 

This document provides a list of care-relevant literature related to Armenia. The list includes legislation and policies related to child rights, child protection, social protection, guardianship, family-based care, institutional care, adoption, and more.

This document provides a list of care-relevant literature related to Ghana. The list includes case studies, research, legislation, and policies related to care reform, alternative care, child rights, child protection, social protection, guardianship, family-based care, institutional care, adoption, and more.

The document provides a list of care-relevant literature related to Uganda. The list includes case studies, research, legislation, and policies related to care reform, alternative care, child rights, child protection, social protection, guardianship, family-based care, institutional care, adoption, and more.

This document provides a list of care-relevant literature related to Moldova. The list includes case studies, research, legislation, and policies related to child rights, child protection, social protection, guardianship, family-based care, institutional care, adoption, and more.

This presentation by the Minister of Health, Labour and Social Protection of Moldova outlines the basic demographic data of Moldova and provides a thorough review of the situation of children's care, and care reform efforts, in the country.

This presentation by the Principal Probation and Welfare Officer of Uganda outlines the basic demographic data of Uganda and provides an overview of the situation of children's care, and care reform efforts, in the country.

This presentation by key actors in children's care reform in Ghana provides an overview of the demographic data of Ghana and offers a thorough review of the situation of children's care, and care reform efforts, in the country.

This presentation from the Deputy Minister of Labour and Social Affairs of Armenia provides an overview of the demographic data of Armenia and offers a thorough review of the situation of children's care, and care reform efforts, in Armenia. 

Strong Beginnings (SB) was an 18-month project purposed to promote an alternative care model that places emphasis on family based care of children, improving the quality of care within child care institutions, build capacities of government and non-government agencies in implementing alternative care; generate evidence and promote learning. 

This policy brief from Better Care Network explains the effects and risk factors associated with experiencing violence in childhood, highlights recent evidence that removal of a child from the family does not always mean an end to violence, and offers recommendations for preventing family separation and ensuring suitable, and safe, alternative care when necessary.

The Ministry of Social Welfare, Relief and Resettlement of Myanmar, with the support of UNICEF, launched a set of guidelines and minimum standards, alongside monitoring and oversight plans, aimed at bettering the lives of children in residential care. 

The Ministry of Social Welfare, Relief and Resettlement of Myanmar, with the support of UNICEF, launched a set of guidelines and minimum standards, alongside monitoring and oversight plans, aimed at bettering the lives of children in residential care.

This video from UNICEF Rwanda shows some of the moving stories of children and their new families who have been brought together through the TMM initiative, which reintegrates children who have been living in institutions into families and the community. 

The Child Protection System Guidelines were developed to address the fragmented response to child protection in Kenya and guide actors at the county level to deliver more coordinated and professional services for children and their families. 

This document contains the national framework for the child protection system in Kenya, developed with the intention of improving linkages between different sectors for more a more coordinated approach to protecting children. 

This article is an historical analysis of the association between interventions for neglect and attitudes to poverty in English speaking countries, with reference to specific countries by way of illustration.