The chapters in this Research Note are grouped in three sections. The first section (chapters 2–5) presents the international experiences. The second (chapters 6–7) presents the Russian background, whereas the third section (chapter 8–9) offers an updated presentation of Russian realities as to the placement of orphans.

This report provides baseline information on conditions in orphanages in the Russian Federation. This information addresses three major limitations in the literature on the development of children residing in substandard orphanages and those adopted from such environments.

Russia is home to one of the fastest-growing AIDS epidemics in the world, but the government has done little to address the problem.

La Recommandation Rec(2005)5 du Conseil de l'Europe relative aux droits des enfants vivant en institution énonce les principes directeurs généraux qui s’appliquent quand un enfant est placé hors de sa famille, notamment dans une institution, et souligne que tout placement doit garantir le plein respect des droits humains de l’enfant. 

This report reviews the faltering progress made in childcare reform across Central and Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union over the 15 years since the ‘orphanages’ of Romania were revealed to the world.

This report presents the survey Kevin Browne and colleagues conducted in 33 European countries to identify the number and characteristics of children less than three placed in residential care without their parents for more than three months during the year ending December 31, 2003. The purpose was to assess the rate and cost of residential care as a response to children in adversity.

A child friendly assessment form for children/young people who are caregivers. The assessment helps them to identify what support services they may need.

A set of standards for boarding and residential schools. It outlines what young people can expect when they receive school care accommodation services from a registered/regulated provider.

A brief overview of foster care practice in the UK, Australia, South Africa, Uganda, and Tanzania. It includes information and lessons learnt on how caregivers are recruited and trained in these countries, how a child is placed, and how family support services are offered.

A set of standards for early education and childcare services for children and young people up to the age of 16 years operating in the public, private and voluntary sectors, and in domestic or non-domestic premises.