This document is a literature review for the purpose of determining the drivers of social exclusion.  Its objectives were to: 1) determine the current drivers; 2) determine emerging drivers that might have a future impact on social inclusion; 3) Assess the relative strength of drivers.

A comparative analysis of protection and care systems across Europe, focusing on the use of institutions, alternative forms of care placements, family support services, and the role of social workers in the process of child placement.

Review of information relevant to the commercial sexual exploitation of children and young people in the UK. Focus on abuse through prostitution; abuse through pornography; and child trafficking.

A guide to building a child-focused foster system that works with the strengths of children and young people to enhance their resilience and ability to cope with adversity. It outlines practical ways to support caring relationships and create positive educational experiences that bolster self-esteem and self-efficacy.

Guidelines for identifying and reporting child abuse, and improving professional practice in both statutory and voluntary agencies providing services to children and families.

This report contains an overview of alternative care in Europe, the effects of institutions on children, statistical information and the different approaches of child protection systems within Europe. It includes reforming institutional care, foster care, post-care support, and the role of the social worker.

A document consisting of the policies and practices that will guarantee the promotion and protection of the rights of separated children in Europe. The Statement works as a framework for action and advocacy and makes references to relevant international and regional laws as well as policy and guidelines regarding progression of human rights protection and issues particularly affecting separated children.

Residential care for children has aroused much controversy. Several scandals involving the physical and sexual abuse of residents have led to public inquiries and reports (Kent, 1997; Utting, 1997; Waterhouse, 2000).

These Standards are based on the relevant legislation, regulation and guidance and best practice derived from evidence based research and professional experience from Ireland and abroad.

This 15-month project aimed to map the number and characteristics of children under three placed in European institutions for more than three months without a parent as this information was previously unknown.