Unaccompanied refugee children in Bulgaria face extreme risks in the country's refugee facilities, including temporary detention, a practice recently legalized contrary to international human rights standards. 

Many children living in today's orphanages have families, and organizations are addressing the issue by supporting families experiencing poverty and deinstitutionalizing orphanages.

This blog post from Ecuador Eco Volunteer describes the issues associated with orphanage volunteering and the reasons the company does not connect volunteers with orphanage placements. 

In this interview, Karen Flanagan of Save the Children discusses how well-intentioned volunteers and tourists are inadvertently contributing to the growth of the orphanage industry and the exploitation of children. 

Award-winning actor Rachel Griffiths gives evidence to the Australian Modern Slavery Inquiry, speaking to the issues of orphanage tourism and trafficking into orphanages. 

Save the Children's submission to the Australian government inquiry into modern slavery explains how well-intentioned tourists and funders are inadvertently contributing to the growth of the orphanage industry and the exploitation of children in overseas orphanages.  

In this interview with ABC News, Kate van Doore talks about the trafficking and exploitation of children in overseas orphanages and how volunteering in and funding orphanages contributes to negative outcomes for children.

Rachel Griffiths appeared in front of Australia's senate to support the establishment of a Modern Slavery Act, which would place legal restrictions on orphanage volunteering. 

This study, commissioned by ChildLinK, critically examines the factors of child neglect by caregivers in Guyana and offers recommendations for key stakeholders across various disciplines. 

This article highlights the challenges to reforming care policy and provides recommendations for those working to create policies that increase family-based care and decrease institutional care at the national level.